Leaf-miner: A large blotch, yellow or brown, preceded by a short corridor that
in the end mostly is completely overrun. Generally several larvae
share a mine. Especially in fresh mines the green primary and secondary
feeding lines are well visible. Pupation outside the mine.
Hering
(1957a) warns that the mines
cannot be separated from those of the rare Cryptaciura rotundiventris (Bladmineerders van Europa).
Mine is deep and leads to a blotch, which is usually coloured yellow or brown (British
leafminers).
Larva: The larvae of flies are leg-less maggots without a head capsule (see examples). They never have thoracic or abdominal legs. They do not have chewing mouthparts, although they do have a characteristic cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton (see examples), usually visible internally through the body wall.
Mandibles with two teeth (Bladmineerders van Europa).
Puparium: The puparia of flies are formed within the hardened last larval skin or puparium and as a result sheaths enclosing head appendages, wings and legs are not visible externally (see examples).
Yellow; anterior spiracle openings arranged in large arcs, not elevated
on a fan-like structure; posterior spiracles each with a central
opening of similar size to the lateral openings (White,
1988: 60). The puparium is illustrated in Bladmineerders van Europa.
Comments:
Peucedanum ostruthium is treated as Imperatoria
ostruthium (Masterwort) by Stace (2010).
Hosts in Great Britain and Ireland:
Apiaceae |
|
|
|
|
Ammi |
|
|
|
|
Angelica |
|
|
|
Robbins,
1991: 66 |
Angelica |
|
|
|
Uffen
in Chandler, 1978: 222 |
Angelica |
|
|
|
British
leafminers |
Angelica |
sylvestris
|
Wild
Angelica |
 |
Mines
in BMNH |
Angelica |
sylvestris
|
Wild
Angelica |
 |
White,
1988: 60 |
Apium |
|
|
|
Uffen
in Chandler, 1978: 222 |
Apium |
graveolens
var. dulce |
Celery |
|
Robbins,
1991: 64 |
Apium |
graveolens
var. dulce |
Celery |
|
British
leafminers |
Apium |
graveolens
|
Wild
Celery |
 |
Mines
in BMNH |
Apium |
graveolens
|
Wild
Celery |
 |
White,
1988: 60 |
Apium |
nodiflorum
|
Fool's-water-cress |
 |
Mines
in BMNH |
Apium |
nodiflorum
|
Fool's-water-cress |
 |
Robbins,
1991: 64 |
Apium |
nodiflorum
|
Fool's-water-cress |
 |
White,
1988: 60 |
Conium |
maculatum
|
Hemlock |
 |
Mines
in BMNH |
Conium |
maculatum
|
Hemlock |
 |
White,
1988: 60 |
Heracleum |
|
|
|
Robbins,
1991: 67 |
Heracleum |
|
|
|
Uffen
in Chandler, 1978: 222 |
Heracleum |
|
|
|
British
leafminers |
Heracleum |
sphondylium
|
Hogweed |
 |
Mines
in BMNH |
Heracleum |
sphondylium
|
Hogweed |
 |
White,
1988: 60 |
Heracleum |
sphondylium
|
Hogweed |
 |
Bland,
1992 |
Levisticum |
|
|
|
Robbins,
1991: 65 |
Levisticum |
|
|
|
British
leafminers |
Levisticum |
officinale
|
Lovage |
|
Robbins,
1989 |
Oenanthe |
crocata |
Hemlock Water-dropwort |
 |
British
leafminers |
Pastinaca |
|
|
|
Robbins,
1991: 66 |
Pastinaca |
|
|
|
Uffen
in Chandler, 1978: 222 |
Pastinaca |
|
|
|
British
leafminers |
Pastinaca |
sativa
|
Wild
Parsnip |
 |
Mines
in BMNH |
Pastinaca |
sativa
|
Wild
Parsnip |
 |
White,
1988: 60 |
Petroselinum |
|
|
|
Pitkin & Plant |
Petroselinum |
crispum
|
Garden
Parsley |
|
British
leafminers |
Pimpinella |
major
|
Greater
Burnet-saxifrage |
 |
Mines
in BMNH |
Smyrnium |
|
|
|
Uffen
in Chandler, 1978: 222 |
Smyrnium |
olusatrum
|
Alexanders |
 |
British
leafminers |
Smyrnium |
olusatrum
|
Alexanders |
 |
White,
1988: 60 |
Asteraceae |
|
|
|
|
?
Cirsium |
|
|
|
Pitkin & Plant |
?
Cirsium |
arvense
|
Creeping
Thistle |
 |
White,
1988: 60 |
Hosts
elsewhere:
Apiaceae |
|
|
|
|
Aegopodium |
|
|
|
Hering,
1957 |
Aegopodium |
podagraria |
Ground-elder |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Ammi |
|
|
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Ammi |
|
|
|
Hering,
1957 |
Ammi |
|
|
|
White,
1988: 60 |
Angelica |
|
|
|
Hering,
1957 |
Angelica |
archangelica
|
Garden
Angelica |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
?
Angelica |
archangelica
|
Garden
Angelica |
 |
White,
1988: 60 |
Angelica |
sylvestris
|
Wild
Angelica |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Angelica |
ursina |
|
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Anthriscus |
|
|
|
Hering,
1957 |
?
Anthriscus |
cerefolium
|
Garden
Chervil |
|
White,
1988: 60 |
Anthriscus |
sylvestris
|
Cow
Parsley |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Apium |
|
|
|
Hering,
1957 |
Apium |
graveolens |
Wild
Celery |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Apium |
nodiflorum |
Fool's-water-cress |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Berula |
erecta
|
Lesser
Water-parsnip |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Berula |
erecta
|
Lesser
Water-parsnip |
 |
White,
1988: 60 |
Bupleurum |
|
|
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Bupleurum |
|
|
|
Hering,
1957 |
Bupleurum |
|
|
|
White,
1988: 60 |
Cicuta |
|
|
|
Hering,
1957 |
Cicuta |
|
|
|
White,
1988: 60 |
Cicuta |
virosa
|
Cowbane |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
?
Cicuta |
virosa
|
Cowbane |
 |
White,
1988: 60 |
Conioselinum |
|
|
|
Hering,
1957 |
Conium |
|
|
|
Hering,
1957 |
Conium |
maculatum
|
Hemlock |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Coriandrum |
|
|
|
Hering,
1957 |
Coriandrum |
|
|
|
White,
1988: 60 |
Coriandrum |
sativum
|
Coriander |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Daucus |
carota
|
Wild Carrot |
 |
White,
1988: 60 |
Eryngium |
|
|
|
Hering,
1957 |
Eryngium |
campestre
|
Field
Eryngo |
 |
White,
1988: 60 |
Falcaria |
|
|
|
Hering,
1957 |
Falcaria |
|
|
|
White,
1988: 60 |
?
Falcaria |
vulgaris
|
Longleaf |
|
White,
1988: 60 |
Falcaria |
vulgaris
|
Longleaf |
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Heracleum |
|
|
|
Hering,
1957 |
Heracleum |
mantegazzianum
|
Giant
Hogweed |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Heracleum |
mantegazzianum
|
Giant
Hogweed |
 |
White,
1988: 60 |
?
Heracleum |
persicum
|
|
|
White,
1988: 60 |
Heracleum |
pubescens |
|
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Heracleum |
sphondylium
|
Hogweed |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Heracleum |
sphondylium
subsp. montanum |
|
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Heracleum |
sphondylium
subsp. transsylvanicum |
|
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Heracleum |
sphondylium
subsp. verticillatum |
|
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Laserpitium |
|
|
|
Hering,
1957 |
Laserpitium |
|
|
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Levisticum |
|
|
|
Hering,
1957 |
Levisticum |
officinale
|
Lovage |
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Levisticum |
officinale
|
Lovage |
|
White,
1988: 60 |
Ligusticum |
|
|
|
Hering,
1957 |
Ligusticum |
mutellina |
|
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Ligusticum |
scoticum
|
Scots
Lovage |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Ligusticum |
scoticum
|
Scots
Lovage |
 |
White,
1988: 60 |
Molospermum |
cicutarium |
|
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Oenanthe |
|
|
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Oenanthe |
|
|
|
Hering,
1957 |
Oenanthe |
|
|
|
White,
1988: 60 |
Pastinaca |
|
|
|
Hering,
1957 |
Pastinaca |
sativa
|
Wild
Parsnip |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Petroselinum |
|
|
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Petroselinum |
|
|
|
Hering,
1957 |
Petroselinum |
crispum
|
Garden
Parsley |
|
White,
1988: 60 |
Peucedanum |
crispum
|
Garden
Parsley |
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Peucedanum |
|
|
|
Hering,
1957 |
Peucedanum |
ostruthium
|
Masterwort |
 |
White,
1988: 60 |
Peucedanum |
schotti |
|
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Pimpinella |
|
|
|
Hering,
1957 |
Pimpinella |
major
|
Greater
Burnet-saxifrage |
 |
White,
1988: 60 |
Pimpinella |
major
|
Greater
Burnet-saxifrage |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Pimpinella |
saxifraga
|
Burnet-saxifrage |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Pimpinella |
saxifraga
|
Burnet-saxifrage |
 |
White,
1988: 60 |
Pleurospermum |
|
|
|
Hering,
1957 |
Pleurospermum |
|
|
|
White,
1988: 60 |
Pleurospermum |
austriacum |
|
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Seseli |
|
|
|
Hering,
1957 |
Seseli |
|
|
|
White,
1988: 60 |
Seseli |
libanotis |
Moon
Carrot |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Sium |
|
|
|
Hering,
1957 |
Sium |
latifolium
|
Greater
water-parsnip |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
?
Sium |
latifolium
|
?
Greater water-parsnip |
 |
White,
1988: 60 |
Sium |
sisarum |
|
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Smyrnium |
|
|
|
Hering,
1957 |
Smyrnium |
olusatrum
|
Alexanders |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
?
Smyrnium |
perfoliatum
|
|
|
White,
1988: 60 |
Thapsia |
villosa |
|
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
?
Torilis |
|
|
|
White,
1988: 60 |
Torilis |
arvensis
subsp. neglecta |
|
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Asteraceae |
|
|
|
|
? Arctium |
lappa
|
?
Greater Burdock |
 |
White,
1988: 60 |
Time
of year - mines: April, June-August, October-November.
Time
of year - adults: May-August.
Distribution
in Great Britain and Ireland: Throughout the British Isles
(White, 1988) including the Inner Hebrides (Isle of Coll) (Bland,
1992), Warwickshire (Coventry and Ufton) (Robbins,
1991: 65 and 67), Norfolk (Wells-next-the-sea) (British
leafminers), the Channel Is. (Fauna Europaea); Anglesey, Ayrshire, Bedfordshire, Buckinghamshire, Caernarvonshire, Cambridgeshire,
Cheshire, Cumberland, Denbighsire, Dorset, Dumfriesshire, Durham, East Cornwall, East Kent, East Norfolk, East Ross, East Suffolk, East Sussex, Easterness, Edinburgh, Flintshire, Glamorgan, Hertfordshire, Huntingdonshire,
Leicestershire, Main Argyll, Middlesex, Monmouthshire, North Essex, North Hampshire, North Northumberland, North Somerset,
North Wiltshire, North-east Yorkshire, Orkney, Oxfordshire, Pembrokeshire,
Shropshire, South Devon, South Hampshire, South Lancashire,
South Somerset, South-east Yorkshire, South-west Yorkshire, Stafford, Surrey, West Gloucestershire,
West Kent, West Norfolk and West Suffolk (NBN
Atlas).
Also
recorded in the Republic of Ireland (Fauna Europaea). Distribution
elsewhere: Most of the Palaearctic region, as far east as Afghanistan
(White, 198) including The Netherlands (Bladmineerders van Europa), Belgium (Leclercq
and de Bruyn, 1991) Austria, Bulgaria, Corsica, Crete, Cyprus,
Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, French mainland, Germany, Greek
mainland, Hungary, Italian mainland, Lithuania, Malta, North Aegean
Is., Norwegian mainland, Poland, Republic of Moldova, Russia - Central,
Sardinia, Sicily, Slovakia, Spanish mainland, Sweden, Switzerland
and Ukraine (Fauna Europaea).
NBN Atlas links to known host species:
Aegopodium
podagraria, Angelica
sylvestris, Angelica
archangelica, Anthriscus cerefolium,
Anthriscus
sylvestris, Apium
graveolens, Apium
graveolens var. dulce, Apium
nodiflorum, ? Arctium
lappa, Berula
erecta, Cicuta
virosa, Conium
maculatum, Coriandrum
sativum, Daucus
carota, Eryngium
campestre, Falcaria
vulgaris, Heracleum
mantegazzianum, Heracleum
persicum, Heracleum
sphondylium, Levisticum
officinale, Ligusticum
scoticum, Pastinaca
sativa, Petroselinum
crispum, Peucedanum
ostruthium (= Imperatoria
ostruthium), Pimpinella
major, Pimpinella
saxifraga, Seseli
libanotis, Sium
latifolium, Smyrnium
olusatrum
|
British and Irish Parasitoids in Britain and elsewhere:
Chalcidoidea |
|
Chrysocharis
illustris Graham, 1963 |
Eulophidae: Entedoninae |
Aprostocetus boreus (Delucchi, 1954) |
Eulophidae: Tetrastichinae |
Halticoptera flavicornis (Spinola, 1808) |
Pteromalidae: Miscogastrinae |
Ichneumonoidea - Links to species no longer available |
|
Aspilota fuscicornis (Haliday, 1838) |
Braconidae: Alysiinae |
Dapsilarthra apii (Curtis, 1826) |
Braconidae: Alysiinae |
Triaspis flavipalpis (Wesmael, 1835) |
Braconidae: Brachistinae |
Apodesmia ocellata Wesmael 1835 |
Braconidae: Opiinae |
Apodesmia rufipes (Wesmael, 1835) |
Braconidae: Opiinae |
Apodesmia saevula (Fischer, 1958) |
Braconidae: Opiinae |
Eurytenes
abnormis (Wesmael, 1835) |
Braconidae: Opiinae |
Opius cingulatus Wesmael, 1835 |
Braconidae: Opiinae |
Opius
pallipes Wesmael, 1835 |
Braconidae: Opiinae |
Opiognathus pactus (Haliday, 1837) |
Braconidae: Opiinae |
Medophron crassicornis (Gravenhorst, 1829) |
Ichneumonidae: Cryptinae |
Phygadeuon exiguus Gravenhorst, 1829 |
Ichneumonidae: Cryptinae |
|