 |
|
(Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera)
by
Brian Pitkin, Willem Ellis, Colin Plant and Rob Edmunds
|
|
|
ANGELICA.
Angelicas. [Apiaceae]
|
Three
species of Angelica are recorded in Britain - Wild Angelica
(A. sylvestris), Garden Angelica (A. archangelica)
and Portuguese Angelica (A. pachycarpa). Only the former
is native.
Seven British miners are rercorded on Angelica.
The
agromyzid Melanagromyza
angeliciphaga is recorded boring stems of Angelica,
Heracleum and Pastinaca
in Britain and elsewhere.
The
agromyzid Melanagromyza
sativae is recorded boring stems of Angelica and other Apiaceae in Britain.
The
agromyzid Liriomyza luteais recorded feeding in the seed-heads of Angelica and Pastinaca in Britain.
A key to the European miners recorded on Angelica is provided in Bladmineerders van Europa. |

Wild Angelica
Angelica sylvestris
|
Key for the identification of the known mines of British
insects (Diptera and non-Diptera) recorded on Angelica
|
1a > Leaf-miner: The larvae are often gregarious and feed on the underside of the leaf causing a 'windowing' effect as they eat the mesophyll and lower epidermis. This effect can be seen from the top of the
leaf as it discolours. Short,
small, irregular, sometimes widened corridor. Mostly a number in
a leaf, concentrated in the axils of the midrib and the primary
side veins. Each larva makes a number of mines. Often the larva
protrudes with its rear end out of the mine, causing most frass
to be ejected. While moving, at the leaf underside, silken threads
are produced, in wich grains of frass may be trapped. Older larvae
live free and cause window feeding, often in a group under a light
spinning. |
|
|
|
Polyphagous. On Angelica sylvestris, Anthriscus sylvestris, Daucus carota, Heracleum sphondylium and Heracleum sativain Britain and Aegopodium podagraria, Angelica archangelica subsp. litoralis,
Angelica sylvestris, Anthriscus caucalis, Anthriscus cerefolium,
Anthriscus sylvestris, Apium graveolens, Berula erecta, Carum
carvi, Chaerophyllum hirsutum, Chaerophyllum temulum, Cicuta virosa,
Conium maculatum, Daucus carota, Heracleum sphondylium, Levisticum
officinale, Oenanthe, Pastinaca sativa, Peucedanum, Pimpinella
saxifraga, Seseli libanotis, Silaum, Sium latifolium, Sison amomum and Torilis elsewhere. Widespread in Britain and continental
Europe.
|
Epermenia
chaerophyllella (Goeze, 1783) [Lepidoptera: Epermeniidae]. |
1b > Leaf-miner: Blotch mine |
2 |
1c > Leaf-miner: Linear
mine. |
3 |
2a > Leaf-miner: A large blotch, yellow or brown, preceded by a short,
in the end mostly unrecognisable corridor. Generally several larvae
in the mine. Especially in fresh mines the green primary and feeding
lines area well marked. Pupation outside the mine. |
On Angelica and possibly Arctium and Heracleum in Britain. On Aegopodium, Angelica, Laserpitium and Pimpinella elsewhere. Widespread but very rare in Britain. Also recorded
in the Republic of Ireland and throughout continental Europe, except in the
south.
|
Cryptaciura
rotundiventris (Fallén, 1814) [Diptera: Tephritidae]. |
2b > Leaf-miner: A large blotch, yellow or brown, preceded by a short
corridor that in the end mostly is completely overrun. Generally
several larvae share a mine. Especially in fresh mines the green
primary and secondary feeding lines are well visible. Pupation outside
the mine. Puparium yellow. |
|

Euleia heraclei pupariria
Image: © Willem Ellis (Bladmineerders van Europa) |
On
numerous genera of Apiaceae and possibly some Asteracea, including Angelica, in Britain
and elsewhere, including Angelica in Britain. Throughout the British Isles. Also recorded in
the Republic of Ireland and most of the Palaearctic region, as
far east as Afghanistan.
|
Euleia
heraclei (Linnaeus, 1758) [Diptera: Tephritidae]. |
2c > Leaf-miner: Larva
forms an upper surface primary blotch with several larvae feeding
together; the blotch is greenish when fresh but becomes yellowish
with age (Spencer, 1972b:
78 (fig. 257); Spencer, 1976:
376, 377 (fig. 655)).
Round or oval blotch, green at first, later yellowish. Young mine are interparenchymatous, only the older mines are truly full depth. Generally several larvae in a communal mine. Pupation outside the mine. Exit slit in lower epidermis.
A conspicuous, yellowish, almost circular upper surface blotch. Normally several mines on a leaf which may run together giving the impression of a single mine. |
|
|

Phytomyza angelicae puparium, dorsal
Image: © Willem Ellis (Bladmineerders van Europa) |
On Aegopodium and Angelica in Britain and elsewhere
and Laserpitium elsewhere. Widespread throughout Britain
and continental Europe. Also recorded in U.S.A. and Canada.
|
Phytomyza
angelicae Kaltenbach, 1872 [Diptera: Agromyzidae]. |
2d > Leaf-miner: A
regular greenish inter-parenchymal blotch mine, frequently delimited
by two veins, appearing somewhat mottled as a result of small deeper
areas of feeding through the upper parenchyma (Spencer, 1972b: 78 (fig. 259); Spencer,
1976: 428, 429 (fig. 748).
The
mine starts with a quite inconspicuous lower-surface corridor that
soon changes into an extensive interparenchymatous blotch. The upper
cell layer of the palisade parenchyma is eaten away in many places,
giving the mine in transparency a perforated appearance. Fresh mines
are pale green, later they turn brown; they give the leaves a strikingly
diseased impression. Feeding lines absent, frass grains strikingly
few. Larvae solitary. Pupation outside the mine, exit slit in lower
epidermis.
Forms a blotch mine between two veins, having a characteristic sieve-like appearance (where the larva has fed through the upper parenchyma). Pupation outside the mine.. |
|
|

Phytomyza heracleana puparium
Image: © Willem Ellis (Bladmineerders van Europa) |
On Heracleum, but not yet on Angelica, in Britain and on Heracleum, ? Angelica, ? Caucalis, Laser, ? Laserpitium, Pastinaca, Peucedanum, Pimpinella and ? Seseli elsewhere. Widespread in Britain and continental Europe. Also
recorded in the Republic of Ireland.
|
Phytomyza
heracleana Hering, 1937 [Diptera:
Agromyzidae]. |
3a > Leaf-miner: Larva
forming an irregular upper surface linear mine, which can widen
and become almost blotch like at end (Spencer, 1972b: 78 (fig. 262), 81; Spencer,
1976: 378, 379 (fig. 657)).
Upper-surface
blotch, often following the leaf margin for some length, finally
strongly widened. The real start of the mine, however, is a long
narrow epidermal corridor in the lower surface of the leaf, made
by the first instar larva (Allen, 1956a). Pupation outside the mine,
exit slit generally in the leaf lower epidermis.
An upper surface mine, which can widen and form a blotch. |
|
|
On Aegopodium, Angelica and Pastinaca in Britain and Aegopodium and Angelica elsewhere. Widespread throughout
Britain. Also recorded in Ireland and continental Europe.
|
Phytomyza
angelicastri Hering, 1923 [Diptera: Agromyzidae]. |
3b > Leaf-miner: An
irregular whitish linear mine, not associated with leaf margin (Spencer,
1976: 383 (fig. 666)).
Corridor,
lower-surface at first, upper-surface later. The upper part is 7-10
cm long and no more than 2 mm wide in the end. Frass in thick, black
frains, sometimes in pearl chains. Pupation outside the mine, exit
slit either in upper or in lower epidermis. |
|
|
Possibly
on Angelica in Britain (Warwicks). On Angelica in continental Europe. Also recorded in Alaska.
|
Phytomyza
archangelicae Hering, 1937 [Diptera: Agromyzidae]. |
|