Key for the identification of the known mines of British
insects (Diptera and non-Diptera) recorded on Petasites
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1# > Leaf-miner: Details unknown. |
On Solidago, but not yet on Petasites, in Britain. Aberdeen (Craigendorrach) (Ackland,
1989); South Aberdeen (NBN Gateway). Continental Europe including ? Germany and Sweden
(Michelsen in Fauna
Europaea).
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Pegomya
depressiventris (Zetterstedt, 1845) [Diptera:
Anthomyiidae]. |
1a > Leaf-miner: An upper surface corridor mine, becoming strongly broadened and
blotch-like. The mine can occupy a considerable part of a small
leaf. Mines frequently merge and then accommodate several larvae.
Pupation external, in the soil.
Upper-surface
corridor, in the end strongly widened and blotchy; may occupy a
large portion of smaller leaves. Mines may coalesce, and contain
several larvae then. Primary and secondary feeding lines very conspicuous
(picture). Pupation outside the mine.
Makes upper surface blotches. |
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On Petasites, Tussilago and possibly Senecio in Britain
and elsewhere and in addition Arctium, Homogyne and possibly Senecio elsewhere. Throughout the British Isles. Also recorded
in the Republic of Ireland and Widespread in continental Europe.
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Acidia
cognata (Wiedemann, 1817) [Diptera: Tephritidae]. |
1b > Leaf-miner: Full depth, initially a much branched corridor, irregular
in width, in the end almost a blotch. The mine has openings by which
part of the frass is ejected. The larvae frequently leave the mine
to restart elsewhere. Older larva live free and cause window feeding,
often erasing their old mines. In Coltsfoot also pseudo-mines are
made, when the larva eats away the lower epidermis with the leaf
tissue, but spares the dense hair cover. |
On Ranunculus, but not yet on Petatasites, in Britain. On numerous genera and species in
several families elsewhere, including Adoxa. Distribution in Britain unknown. Widespread
in continental Europe.
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Phytosciara
halterata Lengersdorf, 1926
[Diptera: Sciaridae]. |
1c > Leaf-miner: The
mine begins as a long, quite narrow corridor, usually not far from
the tip of a leaf segment. Usually this corridor follows the leaf
margin for some distance, but it may also run freely through the
blade and may then be stongly contorted. In the end the corridor
is directed towards the midrib, where an elongated blotch is formed,
overlying the midrib and some of the larger lateral veins. Frass
in a nearly continuous line in the initial corridor, in scattered
lumps in the later part of the mine. Primary and secondary feeding
lines very conspicuous when seen in transparancy. Pupation outside
the mine.
The mine starts as a very narrow corridor, usually close to the tip of a leaf segment and following the leaf margin. The later section of the corridor approaches the main vein, where an elongated blotch is made with long broad finger like extensions that lay over the secondary veins. In the initial corridor the frass forms an almost continuous line, in the blotch it is distributed in large scattered lumps. In fresh mines the secondary feeding lines are clearly visible. |
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On
numerous genera of Asteraceae, including Petasites, in Britain. Throughout the British Isles, more
common in the south than the north. Also continental Europe.
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Trypeta
zoe Meigen, 1826 [Diptera: Tephritidae]. |
1d > Leaf-miner: A
long linear greenish-white mine which can conspicuously widen at
end, with frass in separate grains (Spencer, 1972b: 81, 83 (figs 264-5); Spencer,
1976: 522, 523 (fig. 915).
Upper-surface,
quite long corridor with irregular sides, in the end about 4 mm
wide. Frass in discrete grains, alternating along the sides. Pupation
outside the mine; exit slit in upper epidermis.
A long narrow mine, widening at the end and often forming a secondary blotch. |
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On Petasites and Tussilago in Britain and in addition Adenostyles elsewhere. Widespread in Britain and continental
Europe, Also recorded in Alaska and Canada.
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Phytomyza
tussilaginis Hendel, 1925 [Diptera: Agromyzidae]. |
1e > Leaf-miner: The
mine mine begins as a long, hairlike corridor. The last part of
it runs perpendicular to a leaf segment. The part of the leaf that
thereby is cut off Wiltshire, and here a large blotch is made. Frass
scattered in the mine. Mine practically full-depth, yellowish green
to reddish brown, with conspicuous secondary feeding lines. Pupation
outside the mine. See also Seidel (1926a) for an extensive description
of the mine. |
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On Eupatorium, but not yet on Petasites, in Britain and additional genera of Asteraceae
elsewhere. England and Wales. Widespread
in continental Europe. Also recorded in the East Palaearctic.
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Stemonocera
cornuta (Scopoli, 1772) [Diptera: Tephritidae]. |
1f > Leaf-mine: The
larva mines the leaves creating an irregular blotch. Forms an upper surface mine, with the surounding area turning purple. The frass is accumulated in one place in the mine and the larva may conceal itself under this.
Initially
a branching corridor, later more an elongate upper-surface blotch
from the leaf base to the leaf margin, finally occupying a good
part of the leaf. Most frass is deposited in one section of the
mine, forming a crust below which the very agile larvae can retreat. |
On Tussilago, but not yet on Petasites, in
Britain and on Petasites and Tussilago elsewhere.
A scarce and very local species, only discovered in Britain in
1983 where it was found on the coast in south Devon. It is now
known to occur in a few localities eastwards to Hants on sparsely
vegetated coastline. Widespread in continental Europe.
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Scrobipalpula
tussilaginis (Stainton, 1867) [Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae] |