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(Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera)
by
Brian Pitkin, Willem Ellis, Colin Plant and Rob Edmunds
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ANTHEMIS.
Chamomiles [Asteraceae]
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Five
species of Anthemis are recorded in Britain. These include
the native Corn Chamomile (A. arvensis) and Stinking Chamomile
(A. cotula), and the introduced Yellow Chamomile (A. tinctoria)
and Sicilian Chamomile (A. punctata).The BSBI provide a downloadable plant crib for Anthemis.
Seven British miners are recorded on Anthemis.
The
agromyzid Napomyza
lateralis feeds in the stems of Anthemis, Bidens,
Calendula, Dimorphotheca,
Matricaria, and Senecio
in Britain, although it has also been found in the inflorescence
of Matricaria. |
Key for the identification of the known mines of British
insects (Diptera and non-Diptera) recorded on Anthemis
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1a > Stem-miner: A
narrow, inconspicuous stem mine. Pupation at the end of the mine
(Spencer, 1976: 64).
Fine,
upper- or lower-surface corridor, ending in a thick vein. From there
the mine extends finally to the rind of the stem. There also the
pupation takes place, usually not far from the root collar. Mines
in the stem rind often are conspicuous through a red discoloration. |
On Achillea, Achillea millefolium and possibly Anthemis,
Matricaria and Medicago sativa in Britain. In Britain widespread in south, not uncommon. On Anthemis, Achillea, Artemisia, Aster, Centaurea, Clinopodium, Crepis, Hieracium, Matricaria, Reichardia, Solidago, Tanacetum, Tripleurospermum, Medicago, Satureja and Stachys elsewhere. Widespread in continental Europe.
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Ophiomyia
curvipalpis (Zetterstedt, 1848) [Diptera: Agromyzidae]. |
1b >
Leaf-miner and case-bearer: Larva mines leaves. On Eupatorium the case is extended at the anal end by adding silk and widened
by cutting a ventral gusset. On Inula the case is firstly
extended by adding rings of leaf-cuticle at the oral end, before
reverting to the method used when on Eupatorium. The full-grown
case is 10 mm long. A slender tubular silken case, about 10 mm long,
straw coloured, three valved. Mouth angle about 30°. |
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Coleophora folicularis larva, dorsal
Image: © Willem Ellis (Bladmineerders van Europa) |
On Cirsium, Eupatorium, Inula and Pulicaria, but not yet on Anthemis, in Britain and Achillea,
Anthemis, Carduus, Cirsium, Eupatorium, Inula, Leucanthemum, Pulicaria and Tanacetum elsewhere. Widespread in England. Also recorded
in Republic of Ireland. Widespread in continental Europe.
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Coleophora
follicularis (Vallot, 1802) [Lepidoptera: Coleophoridae]. |
1c > Leaf-miner, but not a case-bearer |
2 |
2a > Leaf-miner: A distinctive mine primarily above mid-rib, with irregular short
lateral offshoots into leaf blade. Pupation external (Spencer, 1972:
51 (fig. 172), 55; Spencer, 1976:
270, 271 (fig. 486)).
Branched,
whitish, upper-surface corridor; main axis overlying the midrib;
side branches overlying the main lateral veins. (In Campanula and Phyteuma the mine is much less branched, sometimes nothing
more than a corridor on top of the midrib). Frass in rather long
strings. Usually the mines begins as a long and narrow, shallow,
tortuous lower-surface corridor that ends upon the midrib but otherwise
is not associated with the leaf venation. Often this initial corridor
is filled with callus, and then even less conspicuous. Pupation
outside the mine.
A
linear mine on the upper surface, usually following the midrib and
showing side branches along the veins. The frass is in strings. |
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Polyphagous. On more than 40 host genera in 15 families, but not yet on Anthemis, in Britain,. Widespread
throughout Britain. Also recorded in the Republic of Ireland.
Widespread in continental Europe.
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Liriomyza strigata (Meigen, 1830) [Diptera: Agromyzidae]. |
2b > Leaf-miner: Mine linear, whitish, both upper and lower surface. Pupation internal,
at the end of the mine with the anterior spiracles projecting through
the epidermis (Spencer, 1976:
433).
Upper-surface,
less often lower-surface corridor. Frass in isolated grains. Pupation
within the mine, usually in a lower-surface puparial chamber.
A long whitish upper surface corridor, which eventually goes lower surface. |
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Two
highly polyphagous species of Chromatomyia, with indistinguishable
mines, have been recorded in Britain. These are syngenesiae (Hardy) and horticola (Goureau, 1851) which can only be distinguished by the male genitalia. Both species are widespread in Britain and elsewhere, although syngenesiae is almost entirely restricted to Asteraceae. Records on Asteraceae not based on examination of male genitalia are treated in this account as Chromatomyia 'atricornis'.
Chromatomyia 'atricornis' has been recorded on Anthemis in Britain.
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Chromatomyia
horticola (Goureau, 1851) [Diptera: Agromyzidae]
OR
Chromatomyia
syngenesiae Hardy, 1849 [Diptera: Agromyzidae]. |
2c > Leaf-miner: A
narrow linear mine, even in the finest subdivisions of the leaves
(Spencer, 1972b: 77, as matricariae ; Spencer, 1976: 478).
Very
fine corridor, upper- or lower-surface, even in the narrowest leaf
segments. The corridor may be up to 14 cm long (Sehgal, 1971a).
Generally the corridor descends towards the leaf base. Frass in
pearl chains of loose grains, hardly in strings. Pupation outside
the mine.
Very fine corridor, upper- or lower-surface, even in the narrowest leaf segments. The corridor may be up to 14 cm long (Sehgal, 1971a). Generally the corridor descends towards the leaf base. Frass in pearl chains of loose grains, hardly in strings. Pupation outside the mine. |
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On Achillea millefolium, Anacyclus pyrethrum, Anthemis, Tanacetum
vulgare, Tripleurospermum, Tripleurospermum maritimum and Tripleurospermum maritimum x inodora in Britain and other
Asteraceae elsewhere. Widespread in Britain and continental Europe.
Also recorded in Canada.
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Phytomyza
pullulaZetterstedt, 1848 [Diptera: Agromyzidae]. |
2d > Leaf-miner: A short irregular linear mine with frass in more or less connected
threads. |

Mine
of Liriomyza centaurea on Centaurea scabiosa
Image: © Willem Ellis (Bladmineerders van Europa) |
On Centaurea jacea, Centaurea montana, Centaurea nigra and Centaurea nigra, but not yet on Anthemis, in Britain and additional Centaurea species
elsewhere. Widespread in Britain and much of Europe.
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Liriomyza
centaureae Hering, 1927 [Diptera: Agromyzidae]. |
2e > Leaf-miner: The
mine begins as a long, quite narrow corridor, usually not far from
the tip of a leaf segment. Usually this corridor follows the leaf
margin for some distance, but it may also run freely through the
blade and may then be stongly contorted. In the end the corridor
is directed towards the midrib, where an elongated blotch is formed,
overlying the midrib and some of the larger lateral veins. Frass
in a nearly continuous line in the initial corridor, in scattered
lumps in the later part of the mine. Primary and secondary feeding
lines very conspicuous when seen in transparancy. Pupation outside
the mine.
The mine starts as a very narrow corridor, usually close to the tip of a leaf segment and following the leaf margin. The later section of the corridor approaches the main vein, where an elongated blotch is made with long broad finger like extensions that lay over the secondary veins. In the initial corridor the frass forms an almost continuous line, in the blotch it is distributed in large scattered lumps. In fresh mines the secondary feeding lines are clearly visible. |
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On
numerous genera of Asteraceae, but not yet on Anthemis, in Britain, Throughout the British Isles, more
common in the south than the north. Also continental Europe.
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Trypeta
zoe Meigen, 1826 [Diptera: Tephritidae]. |
2f >
Leaf
miner: The larva feeds in a leaf-mine to
begin with, then later feeds externally on the leaves, shrivelling
and blanching or browning them.
Initially an extremely fine corridor along the leaf margin; these
mines mainly in the lower leaves. Frass in a narrow central line.
The larva can leave its mine and restart elsewhere. Older larvae
live free, and feed by slicing open the margin of a leaf segment
near its tip and eating away as much tissue as it can reach (to
about one third of its body length). The result is a number of full
depth blotch mines. When the larva has become too large even for
this strategy, its starts to feed freely on the leaf. The larva pupates in a distinctive whitish ribbed cocoon. |
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On Achillea millefolium, but not yet on Anthemis, in Britain and also Anthemis tinctoria, Chrysanthemum
and Leucanthemopsis alpina elsewhere. Fairly widespread in
England. Widespread in continental Europe. Also recorded in the
Republic of Ireland.
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Bucculatrix
cristatella (Zeller, 1839) [Lepidoptera: Bucculatricidae]. |
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