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Leaf miner: A rather large, clear, partly full depth blotch that begins in the axil of a thick lateral vein. Often the ovipostion leaves a greyish-green scar. Generally several mines in a leaf. The mine expands within the confines of the midrib and two lateral veins; only close to the leaf margin, where the lateral veins are thin, the mine may trespass over a vein (Bladmineerders van Europa).

The mine is also illustrated in British leafminers.

Larva: The larvae of sawflies have a head capsule, chewing mouthparts with opposable mandibles, six thoracic legs and abdominal legs (although they may be reduced) (see examples).

The larvae have four spots - the anterior spots being large, which distinguishes it from P. thomsoni (British leafminers). The larva is also illustrated in Bladmineerders van Europa.

Pupa: The pupae of sawflies have visible head appendages, wings and legs which lie in sheaths.

Adult: Details unknown.

Hosts in Great Britain and Ireland:

Hosts elsewhere:

Betulaceae
Alnus	viridis	Green Alder		Bladmineerders van Europa
Betula	caerulea			Bladmineerders van Europa
Betula	pendula	Silver Birch		Bladmineerders van Europa
Betula	pubescens	Downy Birch		Bladmineerders van Europa

Time of year - larvae: Early Summer and early Autumn (British leafminers).

Time of year - adults: Currently unknown.

Comments: Full synonymy and references are listed in ECatSym - Electronic World Catalog of Symphyta.

Distribution in Great Britain and Ireland: Britain including Bedfordshire, Buckinghamshire, Denbighshire, Dorset, East Ross, East Sussex, Glamorgan, Merionethshire, North Wiltshire, Nottinghamshire, South Wiltshire, Surrey, West Lancashire and West Suffolk (NBN Atlas). Mines and larvae recently recorded on Alnus, possibly glutinosa, in the Orkneys by Derek Mayes (pers. comm.) have been identified as Fenusa pumila.

Also recorded in the Republic of Ireland (Fauna Europaea).

Distribution elsewhere: Widespread in continental Europe including Austria, Azores, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Danish mainland, Estonia, Finland, French mainland, Germany, Hungary, Italian mainland, Latvia, Poland, Portuguese mainland, Romania, Russia - Central, Slovakia, Spanish mainland, Sweden, Switzerland, The Netherlands and Ukraine. Also recorded in the Nearctic region (Fauna Europaea).

NBN Atlas links to known host species:

British and Irish Parasitoids in Britain and elsewhere: