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(Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera)
by
Brian Pitkin, Willem Ellis, Colin Plant and Rob Edmunds
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RUMEX.
Docks and Sorrel. [Polygonaceae]
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Thirteen
species and numerous hybrids of Rumex are recorded as native
to Britain. These include Common Sorrel (R. acetosa), Curled
Dock (R. crispus), Water Dock (R. hydrolapathum),
Northern Dock (R. longifolius) and Broad-leaved Dock (R.
obtusifolius).
Shore
Dock (R. rupestris) is protected under Schedule 8 of the
Wildlife and Countryside Act, 1981.
Seven British miners are recorded on Rumex.
The
scathophagid Norellisoma
spinimana is a stem-borer on Rumex.
The
moth Coleophora hydrolapathella is recorded feeding in the seeds
of Rumex hydrolapathum (see British
leafminers).
A key to the European miners recorded on Rumex is provided in Bladmineerders van Europa. |

Curled Dock
Rumex crispus
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Key for the identification of the known mines of British
Diptera recorded on
Rumex
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Note: Diptera larvae may live in a corridor mine, a corridor-blotch mine, or a blotch mine, but never in a case, a rolled or folded leaf, a tentiform mine or sandwiched between two more or less circular leaf sections in later instars. Pupation never in a cocoon. All mining Diptera larvae are leg-less maggots without a head capsule (see examples). They never have thoracic or abdominal legs. They do not have chewing mouthparts, although they do have a characteristic cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton (see examples), usually visible internally through the body wall. The larvae lie on their sides within the mine and use their pick-like mouthparts to feed on plant tissue. In some corridor miners frass may lie in two rows on alternate sides of the mine. In order to vacate the mine the fully grown larva cuts an exit slit, which is usually semi-circular (see Liriomyza huidobrensis video). The pupa is formed within the hardened last larval skin or puparium and as a result sheaths enclosing head appendages, wings and legs are Rudbeckia. Widespread
throughout Britain. Also recorded in the Republic of Ireland.
Widespread in continental Europe.
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Liriomyza strigata (Meigen, 1830) [Diptera: Agromyzidae]. |
1b > Leaf-miner: Mine not primarily above mid-rib. |
2 |
2 > Leaf-miner: Mine linear, whitish, both upper and lower surface. Pupation internal,
at the end of the mine with the anterior spiracles projecting through
the epidermis (Spencer, 1976:
433). Upper-surface,
less often lower-surface corridor. Frass in isolated grains. Pupation
within the mine, in a, usually lower-surface, pupal chamber. A long whitish upper surface corridor, which eventually goes lower surface. |
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Two
highly polyphagous species of Chromatomyia, with indistinguishable
mines, have been recorded in Britain. These are syngenesiae (Hardy) and horticola (Goureau) which can only be distinguished by the male genitalia. Both species are widespread in Britain and elsewhere, although syngenesiae is almost entirely restricted to Asteraceae. Records on Asteraceae not based on examination of male genitalia are treated in this account as Chromatomyia 'atricornis'.
Chromatomyia 'atricornis' has been recorded on Rudebeckia in Britain
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Chromatomyia
horticola (Goureau, 1851) [Diptera: Agromyzidae]
OR
Chromatomyia
syngenesiae Hardy, 1849 [Diptera: Agromyzidae]. |
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