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(Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera)
by
Brian Pitkin, Willem Ellis, Colin Plant and Rob Edmunds
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DIPSACUS.
Teasels. [Dipsacaceae]
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Five
species of Dipsacus are recorded in Britain. These include
the native Wild Teasel (D. fullonum) and Small Teasel (D.
pilosus).
Five
British m iners are recorded on Dipsacus.
A key to the European miners recorded on Dipsacus is provided in Bladmineerders van Europa.
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 Wild
Teasel
Dipsacus fullonum |
Key for the identification of the known mines of British
insects (Diptera and non-Diptera) recorded on Dipsacus
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1a > Leaf-miner: Larvae feeding primarily along mid-rib, forming short lateral mines
into the leaf blade. Pupation within the mid-rib. the corridors
are short in Dipsacus, but longer in Knautia and Succisa.
(Spencer, 1976: 480).
The
larvae essentially is a borer in the midrib, but makes from there
narrow corridors into the blade. In the end also a corridor can
be made on top of the midrib. Most frass is deposited within the
midrib, to a lesser extent also in the corridors, at the point where
they leave the midrib (Hering, 1957, 1967a). Pupation in the mine,
generally in the basal part of the tunnel in the midrib, just below
the upper epidermis.
The
larva feeds along the midrib, making short corridors into the leaf. |
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On Dipsacus, Knautia and Succisa in Britain. Also Scabiosa elsewhere. Widespread in Britain and continental Europe.
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Chromatomyia
ramosa (Hendel, 1923) [Diptera: Agromyzidae]. |
1b> Leaf-miner: A
funnel-shaped blotch mine at margin of leaf (Spencer, 1972b: 36 (fig. 100), 38).
Forms a long mine, which rapidly broadens, at the leaf edge. The mine turns brown..
Blotch,
invariably beginning at the leaf margin, widening fast and strongly,
giving the mine a funnel-like shape. Primary and secondary feeding
lines very conspicuous. Frass in large grains. The larvae leaves
the mine before pupation; according to Spencer (1954)
the exit slit is in the lower epidermis. |
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On Dipsacus in Britain and elsewhere. Uncommon in England. Widespread in continental Europe.
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Agromyza
dipsaci Hendel, 1927 [Diptera:
Agromyzidae].
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1c > Leaf-miner: Full depth, transparent blotch. Oviposition site, at the leaf upper
surface, covered by a brownish black drop of hardened secretion.
Frass in granules or thread fragments. Pupation in the mine, not in a cocoon.
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Trachys
troglodytes larva, dorsal
Image: © Steve Wullaert (Bladmineerders van Europa) |
On Succisa, but not yet on Dipsacus, in Britain and Knautia, Scabiosa and Succisa elsewhere. Widespread in England, Wales and continental
Europe.
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Trachys
troglodytes Gyllenhal, 1817 [Coleoptera: Buprestidae]. |
1d > Leaf-miner: Large, lower-surface tentiform mine with several folds that cause the leaf to contract strongly. Leaf around the mine often coloured violet. Pupa in a cocoon, frass in a corner of the mine. Mainly on seedlings and ground leaves . |
On Scabiosa, but not yet on Dipsacus, in Britain and elsewhere. Britain including
North Somerset. Widespread in continental Europe.
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Phyllonorycter
scabiosella (Douglas, 1853) [Lepidoptera:
Gracillariidae]. |
1e > Leaf-miner: A narrow winding linear mine generally near the apex of the leaf
which assumes a striking purplish colour, making the mine itself
difficult to detect. Mines have also been found in the sepals. Pupation
takes place in a puparial cradle on the lower surface (Spencer,
1976: 510).
Very
long, often branched corridor, narrow till very end, for much of
its length lower-surface, mostly in the apical part of the leaf.
The corridor frequently intersects itself. Frass in discrete grains.
Pupation in the mine, Around the mine the leaf almost always turns
violet. |
On Succisa pratensis in Britain. On Dipsacus, Knautia,
Scabiosa and Succisa elsewhere. Widespread in Britain and continental Europe.
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Chromatomyia
succisae (Hering, 1922) [Diptera: Agromyzidae]. |
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