Chromatomyia
ramosa (Hendel, 1923) [Diptera:
Agromyzidae]
Teasel fly
Phytomyza
ramosa Hendel, 1923a. Dt. ent. Z. 1923(4): 387
Phytomyza olgae Hering, 1925b. Dt. ent. Z. 1925(5):
527
Phytomyza nigriventris Hendel, 1935. Fliegen palaearkt.
Reg. 6(2): 440. [Synonymised by Spencer, 1976: 479].
Phytomyza olgae Hering, 1925b; Spencer, 1971a. Ent.
Gaz. 22: 191
Phytomyza nigritella Zetterstedt, 1848; Spencer, 1972b. Handbk
ident. Br. Ins. 10(5g): 95. [Misidentification]
Phytomyza ramosa Hendel, 1923a; Spencer, 1976. Fauna
ent. Scand. 5(1): 478-80, figs 842-4
Chromatomyia ramosa (Hendel, 1923a); Spencer,
1990. Host specialization in the World Agromyzidae (Diptera)
: 244, 245 (figs 923-5).
Phytomyza ramosa Hendel, 1923a; Winkler
et al. 2009. Syst. ent. 34: 260-292.
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Leaf-miner: Larvae feeding primarily along mid-rib, forming short lateral mines
into the leaf blade. Pupation within the mid-rib. the corridors
are short in Dipsacus, but longer in Knautia and Succisa.
(Spencer, 1976: 480).
The
larvae essentially is a borer in the midrib, but makes from there
narrow corridors into the blade. In the end also a corridor can
be made on top of the midrib. Most frass is deposited within the
midrib, to a lesser extent also in the corridors, at the point where
they leave the midrib (Hering, 1957, 1967a). Pupation in the mine,
generally in the basal part of the tunnel in the midrib, just below
the upper epidermis (Bladmineerders van Europa).
The
larva feeds along the midrib, making short corridors into the leaf
(British
leafminers).
Larva: The larvae of flies are leg-less maggots without a head capsule (see examples). They never have thoracic or abdominal legs. They do not have chewing mouthparts, although they do have a characteristic cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton (see examples), usually visible internally through the body wall.
The winter is passed as a young larva in the basal rosette of leaves
and it starts feeding again in early spring (Spencer,
1976: 480). The larva is also described by de Meijere (1926
and 1928).
Puparium: The puparia of flies are formed within the hardened last larval skin or puparium and as a result sheaths enclosing head appendages, wings and legs are not visible externally (see examples).
White (Spencer, 1976: 480).
Hosts in Great Britain and Ireland:
Dipsacaceae |
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Dipsacus |
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Robbins,
1991: 108, as nigritella |
Dipsacus |
fullonum
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Wild
Teasel |
 |
British
leafminers |
Dipsacus |
fullonum
|
Wild
Teasel |
 |
Spencer, 1972b: 116, as nigritella |
Dipsacus |
fullonum
|
Wild
Teasel |
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Mines
in BMNH |
Knautia |
arvensis
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Field
Scabious |
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British
leafminers |
Knautia |
arvensis
|
Field
Scabious |
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Spencer, 1972b: 116, as nigritella |
Knautia |
arvensis
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Mines
in BMNH |
Succisa |
pratensis
|
Devil's-bit
Scabious |
 |
British
leafminers |
Succisa |
pratensis
|
Devil's-bit
Scabious |
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Spencer, 1972b: 116, as nigritella |
Succisa |
pratensis
|
Devil's-bit
Scabious |
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Bland,
1992 |
Succisa |
pratensis
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Devil's-bit
Scabious |
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Bland,
1994 |
Hosts
elsewhere:
Time
of year - mines: March-April, June-October.
Time
of year - adults: There are at least two generations per year.
Distribution
in Great Britain and Ireland: Widespread in Britain including
Perth (Killin) (Spencer, 1972b:
95, as nigritella), the Inner Hebrides (Isle of Coll) (Bland,
1992); Cambridgeshire, East Suffolk, Main Argyll, North Somerset, Nottinghamshire and Surrey (NBN
Atlas). Distribution
elsewhere: Widespread in continental Europe, including Denmark,
Finland, Norway, Sweden (Spencer,
1976: 480), The Netherlands (Bladmineerders van Europa), Germany (Spencer,
1976: 578), Belarus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, French
mainland, Italian mainland, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia,
Spanish mainland and Switzerland (Fauna Europaea).
NBN Atlas links to known host species:
British and Irish Parasitoids in Britain and elsewhere:
Chalcidoidea |
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Chrysocharis
orbicularis (Nees, 1834) |
Eulophidae: Entedoninae |
Chrysocharis
viridis (Nees, 1934) |
Eulophidae: Entedoninae |
Pachyneuron
muscarum (Linnaeus, 1758) |
Pteromalidae: Pteromalinae |
Sphegigaster
pallicornis (Spinola, 1808) |
Pteromalidae: Pteromalinae |
Stenomalina
gracilis (Walker, 1834) |
Pteromalidae: Pteromalinae |
Ichneumonoidea - Links to species no longer available |
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Chorebus
tanis (Nixon, 1945) |
Braconidae: Alysiinae |
Dacnusa
areolaris (Nees, 1811) |
Braconidae: Alysiinae |
Dacnusa
metula (Nixon, 1954) |
Braconidae: Alysiinae |
Dacnusa
pubescens (Curtis, 1926) |
Braconidae: Alysiinae |
Exotela
spinifer (Nixon, 1954) |
Braconidae: Alysiinae |
Apodesmia
posticatae (Fischer, 1957) |
Braconidae: Opiinae |
Apodesmia similis (Szépligeti, 1898) |
Braconidae: Opiinae |
Opius
instabilis Wesmael, 1835 |
Braconidae: Opiinae |
Phaedrotoma depeculator (Förster, 1862) |
Braconidae: Opiinae |
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