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Leaf-miner: A short, narrow, linear mine, generally closely following margin of leaf segment; in very small sections of a leaf producing a secondary blotch (Spencer, 1972b: 89 (fig. 302), 92; Spencer, 1976: 401 (fig. 702), 402).

Upper-surface corridor, in the end widening so strongly that within the limited space of an umbelliferous leaf often a secondary blotch is the result. The upper-surface mine is preceded by a short lower-surface corridor, made by the first instar larva during the first part of this stage (Allen, 1956a). It is difficult to observe, also because it tends to follow the leaf margin. Frass in two untidy rows of isolated grains. Before pupation the larva leaves the mine through a semicircular exit slit in the lower epidermis (Bladmineerders van Europa)

A narrow mine, follows leaf marginand forms secondary blotches (British leafminers).

Larva: The larvae of flies are leg-less maggots without a head capsule (see examples). They never have thoracic or abdominal legs. They do not have chewing mouthparts, although they do have a characteristic cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton (see examples), usually visible internally through the body wall.

The larva is described by Allen (1957b, as anthrisci, conopodii, tordylii) and de Meijere (1926, as anthrisci) and illustrated in Bladmineerders van Europa. posterior spiracles with 16-22 bulbs.

Puparium: The puparia of flies are formed within the hardened last larval skin or puparium and as a result sheaths enclosing head appendages, wings and legs are not visible externally (see examples).

The puparium is illustrated in Bladmineerders van Europa. Shining black; posterior spiracles each with 16-20 bulbs (Spencer, 1976: 402).

Phytomyza chaerophylli puparium Image: © Willem Ellis (Bladmineerders van Europa)

Hosts in Great Britain and Ireland:

Apiaceae
Anthriscus				Mines in BMNH
Anthriscus				Robbins, 1991: 64
Anthriscus	sylvestris	Cow Parsley		British leafminers
Anthriscus	sylvestris	Cow Parsley		Mines in BMNH
Anthriscus	sylvestris	Cow Parsley		Spencer, 1972b: 120
Anthriscus	sylvestris	Cow Parsley		Bland, 1992
Chaerophyllum				British leafminers
Chaerophyllum				Robbins, 1991: 64
Chaerophyllum	temulum	Rough Chervil		Mines in BMNH
Chaerophyllum	temulum	Rough Chervil		Spencer, 1972b: 121
Conopodium				Mines in BMNH
Conopodium	majus	Pignut		British leafminers
Conopodium	majus	Pignut		Spencer, 1972b: 121
Daucus				Robbins, 1991: 68
Daucus	carota	Carrot		Mines in BMNH
Daucus	carota	Carrot		Robbins, 1989: 24
Daucus	carota	Carrot		Spencer, 1972b: 121
? Sison	amomum	Stone Parsley		Spencer, 1972b: 121
? Torilis	japonica	Upright Hedge-parsley		Spencer, 1972b: 121
Torilis	japonica	Upright Hedge-parsley		Robbins, 1991: 64

Hosts elsewhere:

Apiaceae
Aegopodium				Bladmineerders van Europa
Anthriscus				Spencer, 1990: 159
Anthriscus	caucalis	Bur Chervil		Bladmineerders van Europa, as Anthriscus neglecta
Anthriscus	cerefolium	Garden Chervil		Bladmineerders van Europa
Anthriscus	nemorosa			Bladmineerders van Europa
Anthriscus	sylvestris	Cow Parsley		Spencer, 1976: 401
Anthriscus	sylvestris	Cow Parsley		Bladmineerders van Europa
Bifora				Bladmineerders van Europa
Bifora				Spencer, 1990: 159
Bifora				Bladmineerders van Europa
? Carum				Spencer, 1976: 401
Carum				Spencer, 1990: 159
Carum	carvi	Caraway		Bladmineerders van Europa
Chaerophyllum				Spencer, 1976: 401
Chaerophyllum				Spencer, 1990: 159
Chaerophyllum	aromaticum	Broad-leaved Chervil		Bladmineerders van Europa
Chaerophyllum	aureum	Golden Chervil		Bladmineerders van Europa
Chaerophyllum	bulbosum			Bladmineerders van Europa
Chaerophyllum	hirsutum	Hairy Chervil		Bladmineerders van Europa
Chaerophyllum	temulum	Rough Chervil		Bladmineerders van Europa
Conium				Spencer, 1990: 159
Conium	maculatum	Hemlock		Spencer, 1976: 401
Conium	maculatum	Hemlock		Bladmineerders van Europa
Conopodium				Spencer, 1990: 159
Conopodium	majus	Pignut		Bladmineerders van Europa
Conopodium	majus	Pignut		Spencer, 1976: 401
? Daucus				Spencer, 1976: 401
Daucus				Spencer, 1990: 160
Daucus	carota	Carrot		Bladmineerders van Europa
Myrrhis	odorata	Sweet Cicely		Bladmineerders van Europa
Oenanthe	aquatica	Fine-leaved Water-dropwort		Bladmineerders van Europa
Orlaya				Spencer, 1990: 159
Orlaya	grandiflora	Large-flowered Orlaya		Bladmineerders van Europa
Selinum				Spencer, 1990: 160
? Sison				Spencer, 1976: 401
Sison				Spencer, 1990: 160
Sison	amomum	Stone Parsley		Bladmineerders van Europa
? Torilis				Spencer, 1976: 401
Torilis				Spencer, 1990: 160
Torilis	japonica	Upright Hedge-parsley		Bladmineerders van Europa

Time of year - mines: April-July, November. First generation mines normally in April, but larvae can be found feeding throughout the winter.

Time of year - adults: Currently unknown.

Distribution in Great Britain and Ireland: Common and widespread throughout Britain (Spencer, 1972b: 92) including Warwickshire (Coventry) (Robbins, 1991: 64) and Inner Hebrides (Isle of Coll) (Bland, 1992); Cambridgeshire, Cumberland, Denbighshire, East Gloucestershire, East Suffolk, Easterness, Leicestershire, Main Argyll, Mid-west Yorkshire, Nottinghamshire, South Lancashire, South-east Yorkshire, South-west Yorkshire and Surrey (NBN Atlas).

Also recorded in the Republic of Ireland (Fauna Europaea) and National Biodiversity Data Centre Map).

Distribution elsewhere: Widespread and common throughout much of Europe including Denmark, Finland, Norway, Denmark (Spencer, 1976: 401), The Netherlands, Luxembourg (Bladmineerders van Europa), Belgium (de Bruyn and von Tschirnhaus, 1991), Germany (Spencer, 1976: 570), Austria, ? Corsica, Czech Republic, European Turkey, French mainland, Hungary, Italian mainland, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Sardinia, Sicily, Sweden and Switzerland (Fauna Europaea).

NBN Atlas links to known host species:

British and Irish Parasitoids in Britain and elsewhere: