Agromyza
pygmaea Meigen, 1830. Syst. Beschr. 6: 183
Dizygomyza (Poemyza) verrucosa Hendel, 1931. Fliegen
palaearkt. Reg. 6(2): 61
Phytobia (Poemyza) lapplandica Rydén, 1956. Opusc.
ent. 21: 195
Cerodontha (Poemyza) pygmaea (Meigen, 1830);
Nowakowski, 1962. Annls zool., Warsz. 20: 112
Dizygomyza (Poemyza) verrucosa Hendel, 1831; Nowakowski,
1967. Polskie Pismo ent. 37: 651
Cerodontha (Poemyza) pygmaea (Meigen, 1830);
Nowakowski, 1967. Polskie Pismo ent. 37: 651
Cerodontha (Poemyza) pygmaea (Meigen, 1830);
Nowakowski, 1972. Polskie Pismo ent. 42(4): 747
Cerodontha (Poemyza) pygmaea (Meigen, 1830);
Spencer, 1972b. Handbk
ident. Br. Ins. 10(5g): 104.
Cerodontha (Poemyza) pygmaea (Meigen, 1830);
Spencer, 1976. Fauna ent. Scand. 5(1): 198-9, fig.
348
Cerodontha (Poemyza) pygmaea (Meigen, 1830); Spencer,
1990. Host specialization in the world Agromyzidae (Diptera)
: 354, 355, 356, 369, 370 (fig. 1386).
|
Leaf-miner: Normally
several larvae feed together. Pupation in the mine (Spencer,
1976: 198).
Broad
elongated blotch. Frass greenish. Larvae generally communal. Pupation
within the mine. The black puaria are individially anchored within
the mine with a silken thread attached at their rear end. Distinguishable
from C. incisa only
by means of the larva (Bladmineerders van Europa).
Larva: The larvae of flies are leg-less maggots without a head capsule (see examples). They never have thoracic or abdominal legs. They do not have chewing mouthparts, although they do have a characteristic cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton (see examples), usually visible internally through the body wall.
Nowakowski (1973) gives
details of the larva. Posterior spiracles each with 3 bulbs (Spencer,
1976: 198).
Puparium: The puparia of flies are formed within the hardened last larval skin or puparium and as a result sheaths enclosing head appendages, wings and legs are not visible externally (see examples).
Shining black (Spencer, 1976:
198), larvae individially anchored within the mine with a silken
thread attached at their rear end (Bladmineerders van Europa).
Comments: The larvae of C. incisa and C. pygmaea are easily discriminated. The opposite holds for their pupariria, which is unfortunate because they are found frequently (much more often then the larvae) and because they are quite conspicuous. They are deep black with a strong violet or blue metallic shine; they are lying in the mine, not in puparial chamber, but anchored to the inner wall of the mine by means of a thread. Often several pupariria are found together, and then frequently the anchor wires are fused near the point where they are attached to the plan (Bladmineerders van Europa).
De Meijere (1928) and Hering (1957a) state that the distal margin of the common base of the rear pupariria is straight or convex in incisa, concave in pygmaea. This must be related to the size of the warts at either side of the rear spiracula, small in incisa, large in pygmaea. In practice, however, I find this character difficult to use. A second character invoked by them is that the intersegmental constrictions in incisa are roughened by tiny scalelike irregularities, while those in pygmaea have minute transverse corrugations. I have the impression that this is not reliable (Bladmineerders van Europa).
Comments:
Festuca gigantea is treated
as Schedonorus gigantea (Giant Fescue) by Stace (2010).
Hosts in Great Britain and Ireland:
Poaceae |
|
|
|
|
Arrhenatherum |
|
|
|
Robbins,
1991: 140 |
Arrhenatherum |
elatius
|
False
Oat-grass |
 |
Mines
in BMNH |
Arrhenatherum |
elatius
|
False
Oat-grass |
 |
Robbins,
1989: 21 |
Brachypodium |
|
|
|
Robbins,
1991: 137 |
Brachypodium |
sylvaticum
|
False
Brome |
 |
Mines
in BMNH |
Brachypodium |
sylvaticum
|
False
Brome |
 |
Robbins,
1989: 21 |
Brachypodium |
sylvaticum
|
False
Brome |
 |
Spencer, 1972b: 122 |
Bromopsis |
ramosa |
Hairy-brome |
 |
Robbins,
1989: 21 |
Bromus |
|
|
|
Mines
in BMNH |
Bromus |
|
|
|
Robbins,
1991: 137 |
Bromus |
|
|
|
Spencer, 1972b: 123 |
Calamagrostis |
|
|
|
Pitkin & Plant |
Dactylis |
glomerata
|
Cock's-foot |
 |
Spencer, 1972b: 123 |
Deschampsia |
|
|
|
Robbins,
1991: 137 |
Deschampsia |
|
|
|
Spencer, 1972b: 104 |
Deschampsia |
cespitosa
|
Tufted
Hair-grass |
 |
Mines
in BMNH |
Deschampsia |
cespitosa
|
Tufted
Hair-grass |
 |
Robbins,
1989: 21 |
Deschampsia |
cespitosa
|
Tufted
Hair-grass |
 |
Spencer, 1972b: 123 |
Elymus |
|
|
|
Robbins,
1991: 137 |
Elymus |
repens
|
Common
couch |
 |
Robbins,
1989: 21 |
Festuca |
|
|
|
Spencer, 1972b: 104 |
Festuca |
ovina
|
Sheep's
Fescue |
 |
Robbins,
1989: 21 |
Holcus |
|
|
|
Robbins,
1983: 23 |
Lolium |
perenne
|
Perennial
Rye-grass |
 |
Mines
in BMNH |
Molinia |
caerulea
|
Purple
Moor-grass |
 |
Spencer, 1972b: 124 |
Phalaris |
|
|
|
Robbins,
1991: 137 |
Phalaris |
arundinacea
|
Reed
Canary-grass |
 |
Robbins,
1989: 21 |
Hosts
elsewhere:
Poaceae |
|
|
|
|
Agrostis |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1976: 198 |
Agrostis |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 354 |
Agrostis |
stolonifera
|
Creeping
Bent |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Agrostis |
tenuis |
Common
Bent |
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Ammophila |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 354 |
Ammophila |
arenaria |
Marram |
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Apera |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 354 |
Apera |
spica-venti
|
Loose
Silky-bent |
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Arrhenatherum |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 354 |
Arrhenatherum |
elatius
|
False
Oat-grass |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Avena |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 354 |
Avena |
sativa
|
Oat |
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Avenula |
|
|
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Brachypodium |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 355 |
Brachypodium |
pinnatum
|
Heath
False-brome |
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Brachypodium |
sylvaticum
|
False
Brome |
 |
Spencer,
1976: 198 |
Brachypodium |
sylvaticum
|
False
Brome |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Bromus |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 354 |
Bromus |
tectorum |
Drooping
Brome |
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Calamagrostis |
canescens
|
Purple
Small-reed |
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Calamagrostis |
epigejos
|
Wood
Small-reed |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Calammophila |
baltica
|
Purple
Marram |
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Dactylis |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 355 |
Dactylis |
glomerata
|
Cock's-foot |
 |
Spencer,
1976: 198 |
Dactylis |
glomerata
|
Cock's-foot |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Dactylis |
polygama
|
Slender
Cock's-foot |
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Deschampsia |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 354 |
Deschampsia |
cespitosa
|
Tufted
Hair-grass |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Elymus |
caninus
|
Bearded
Couch |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Elymus |
repens
|
Common
Couch |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Elytrigia |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 356 |
Elytrigia |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1976: 198 |
Elytrigia |
|
|
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Festuca |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1976: 198 |
Festuca |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 355 |
Festuca |
altissima
|
Wood
Fescue |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Festuca |
gigantea
|
Giant
Fescue |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Glyceria |
|
|
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Glyceria |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 354 |
Holcus |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1976: 198 |
Holcus |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 354 |
Holcus |
lanatus
|
Yorkshire-fog |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Hordeum |
vulgare
|
Six-rowed
Barley |
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Lolium |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 355 |
Lolium |
perenne
|
Perennial
Rye-grass |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Melica |
nutans |
Mountain
Melick |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Molinia |
caerulea
|
Purple
Moor-grass |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Phalaris |
|
|
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Phleum |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1976: 198 |
Phleum |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 355 |
Phleum |
pratense
|
Timothy |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Phragmites |
australis
|
Common
Reed |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Poa |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1976: 198 |
Poa |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 355 |
Poa |
compressa
|
Flattened
Meadow-grass |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Poa |
pratensis
|
Smooth
Meadow-grass |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Poa |
trivialis
|
Rough
Meadow-grass |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Secale |
cereale
|
Rye |
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Triticum |
aestivum
|
Bread
Wheat |
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Time
of year - mines:
(May) June-September (October) (Bladmineerders van Europa).
Time
of year - adults: June-August.
Distribution
in Great Britain and Ireland: Widespread and common in Britain
including Dunbartonshire (Bonhill) (Spencer, 1972b: 104), Warwickshire (Coventry, Holbrooks) (Robbins,
1991: 137); Cambridgeshire, East Gloucestershire, Glamorgan, Huntingdonshire, North Hampshire, Northamptonshire, South-west Yorkshire, Surrey and Westmorland (NBN
Atlas).
Also
recorded in the Republic of Ireland: Co. Clare (Spencer, 1972b: 104)
Distribution elsewhere: Widespread and frequently common in much
of Europe including Denmark, Sweden, Finland (Spencer,
1976: 198), The Netherlands (Bladmineerders van Europa), Belgium (Scheirs
and de Bruyn, 1992), Germany (Spencer,
1976: 554), Austria, Canary Is., Czech Republic, Estonia, French
mainland, Hungary, Italian mainland, Latvia, Lithuania, Madeira,
Poland, Slovakia, Spanish mainland and Yugoslavia (Fauna Europaea).
Also
recorded in Alaska and Canada (Spencer,
1976: 198).
NBN Atlas links to known host species:
Agrostis
capillaris, Agrostis
stolonifera, Agrostis
tenuis, Ammophila
arenaria, Apera
spica-venti, Arrhenatherum
elatius, Avena
sativa, Brachypodium
pinnatum, Brachypodium
sylvaticum, Bromopsis
ramosa, Bromus
tectorum, Calamagrostis
baltica, Calamagrostis
canescens, Calamagrostis
epigejos, Calammophila
baltica, Dactylis
glomerata, Deschampsia
cespitosa, Elymus
caninus, Elymus
repens, Festuca
altissima, Festuca
gigantea (= Schedonorus
gigantea), Festuca
ovina, Holcus
lanatus, Hordeum
vulgare, Lolium
perenne, Melica
nutans, Molinia
caerulea, Phalaris
arundinacea, Phleum
pratense, Poa
compressa, Poa
pratensis, Poa
trivialis, Secale
cereale, Triticum
aestivum
|
British and Irish Parasitoids in Britain and elsewhere:
Chalcidoidea |
|
Chrysocharis
gemma (Walker, 1839) |
Eulophidae: Entedoninae |
Chrysocharis idyia (Walker, 1839) |
Eulophidae: Entedoninae |
Chrysocharis
polyzo (Walker, 1839) |
Eulophidae: Entedoninae |
Hemiptarsenus
unguicellus (Zetterstedt, 1838) |
Eulophidae: Eulophinae |
Merismus
megapterus Walker, 1833 |
Pteromalidae: Miscogastrinae |
Ichneumonoidea - Links to species no longer available |
|
Chorebus
asramenes (Nixon, 1945) |
Braconidae: Alysiinae |
Chorebus
cytherea (Nixon, 1937) |
Braconidae: Alysiinae |
Chorebus
difficilis Griffiths, 1968 |
Braconidae: Alysiinae |
Chorebus
poemyzae Griffiths, 1968 |
Braconidae: Alysiinae |
Chorebus
talaris (Haliday, 1839) |
Braconidae: Alysiinae |
Dacnusa
adducta (Haliday, 1839) |
Braconidae: Alysiinae |
Dacnusa
maculipes Thomson, 1895 |
Braconidae: Alysiinae |
Dapsilarthra
sylvia (Haliday, 1839) |
Braconidae: Alysiinae |
Exotela flavicoxa (Thomson, 1895) |
Braconidae: Alysiinae |
Heterolexis
balteata (Thomson, 1895) |
Braconidae: Alysiinae |
Apodesmia
posticatae (Fischer, 1957) |
Braconidae: Opiinae |
Atormus victus (Haliday, 1837) |
Braconidae: Opiinae |
Eurytenes
abnormis (Wesmael, 1835) |
Braconidae: Opiinae |
Opius
singularis Wesmael, 1835 |
Braconidae: Opiinae |
Phaedrotoma rex (Fischer, 1958) |
Braconidae: Opiinae |
Phaedrotoma variegata (Szépligeti, 1896) |
Braconidae: Opiinae |
|