Leaf-miner: Upper-surface, transparant blotch that begins at the leaf margin, generally at the underside of the leaf. Oviposition site covered by a shining brown drop of hardened secretion. Frass in grains or thread fragments. Pupa in the mine, not in a cocoon (Bladmineerders van Europa).
Larva: The larvae of beetles have a head capsule and chewing mouthparts with opposable mandibles and lack abdominal legs (see examples).
Striking, because all segments have a large black dorsal spot. The larva is described by Bilandyacute; (1982a, 1993a, 1994a) and Brechtel and Kostenbader (2002a); and illustrated by Niehuis (2004a) (examples).
Pupation in the mine, not in a cocoon Bladmineerders van Europa.
Adult:
The adult is illustrated in the Encyclopedia
of Life and British Leafminers.
Hosts in Great Britain and Ireland:
Hosts
elsewhere:
Time
of year - larvae:
Mid May - mid August (Bladmineerders van Europa).
Time
of year - adults: Unknown.
Distribution
in Great Britain and Ireland: Widespread in England including
Berkshire, Buckinghamshire, Cambridgeshire, Dorset, East Kent, East Norfolk, East Sussex, Hertfordshire, Huntingdonshire, Leicestershire,
North Essex, North Hampshire, North Lincolnshire, Northamptonshire,
Nottinghamshire, Oxfordshire, South Hampshire, South Wiltshire, South-east Yorkshire, Surrey, West Kent and Worcestershire (NBN
Atlas).
Distribution
elsewhere: Widespread in continental Europe including Albania,
Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Corsica,
Croatia, Czech Republic, Danish mainland, Estonia, European Turkey,
Finland, French mainland, Germany, Greek mainland, Hungary, Italian
mainland, Kaliningrad Region, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania,
Macedonia, Moldova, Norwegian mainland, Poland, Portuguese mainland,
Romania, Russia - Central, East, Northwest and South, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spanish mainland, Sweden, Switzerland, The Netherlands,
Ukraine, Yugoslavia. Also recorded in the Australian region and
Near East (Fauna Europaea).
NBN Atlas links to known host species:
Acer
campestre, Carpinus
betulus, Corylus
avellana, Crataegus
monogyna, Frangula
alnus, Malus
sylvestris, Pyrus
communis, Salix
alba, Salix
aurita, Salix
caprea, Salix
cinerea, Salix
myrsinifolia, Sorbus
aria, Sorbus
aucuparia, Tilia
cordata, Tilia
platyphyllos, Ulmus
laevis, Ulmus
minor |
British and Irish Parasitoids in Britain and elsewhere: Currently unknown.
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