Agromyza
abiens Zetterstedt, 1848. Dipt. Scand. 7: 2747
Agromyza abiens Zetterstedt, 1848; Spencer, 1972b. Handbk
ident. Br. Ins. 10(5g): 32 (fig. 85), 35, 109
Agromyza abiens Zetterstedt, 1848; Spencer, 1976. Fauna
ent. Scand. 5(1): 88, 89 (figs 116-9)
Agromyza abiens Zetterstedt, 1848; Spencer, 1990. Host
specialization in the world Agromyzidae (Diptera): 196, 197
(figs 737-8), 198, 199, 400.
|
Leaf-miner: A
narrow linear leaf-mine, which developes into a large blotch. Several
larvae frequently feed together and the resulting mine can entirely
fill the leaf (Spencer, 1976:
89).
The
mine begins with a narrow, parallel sided corridor af 1-8 cm in
length, with a nice double frass line. After the first moult the
corridor is succeeded, and mostly overrun, by a large, primary,
brown blotch. Frass in the initial corridor in short thread fragments,
in the blotch in angular granules and thread fragments that often
are branching (the frass is unusally sticky). Primary and secondary
feeding lines conspicuous. The final mine often is very large and
generally contains several larvae, because normally several mines
develop on a leaf, and coalesce into one big blotch. Before pupation
the larvae leave the mine through a semicircular exit slit that
mostly, but not invariably, is in the upper epidermis (Bladmineerders van Europa).
The initial narrow gallery contains frass in a double line. It then expands to form a blotch mine. Several larvae may occupy a leaf to form a large blotch (British
leafminers).
|
|
Larva: The larvae of flies are leg-less maggots without a head capsule (see examples). They never have thoracic or abdominal legs. They do not have chewing mouthparts, although they do have a characteristic cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton (see examples), usually visible internally through the body wall.
The white larva is described by Nowakowski (1964),
Dempewolf (2001:51) and is illustrated in
Bladmineerders van Europa. The mandibles each have two teeth and are equal
in size (Griffiths, 1962).
Puparium: The puparia of flies are formed within the hardened last larval skin or puparium and as a result sheaths enclosing head appendages, wings and legs are not visible externally (see examples).
Reddish brown; posterior spiracles each with 3 bulbs on a short
conical protuberance (Spencer,
1976: 89).
Hosts in Great Britain and Ireland:
Boraginaceae |
|
|
|
|
Anchusa |
|
|
|
Robbins,
1991: 97 |
Anchusa |
officinalis
|
Alkanet |
|
Mines
in BMNH |
Borago |
officinalis |
Borage |
![Images of host in British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al. British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al.](../Images/camera_icon.jpg) |
Mines
in BMNH |
Borago |
officinalis |
Borage |
![Images of host in British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al. British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al.](../Images/camera_icon.jpg) |
Spencer, 1972b: 109 |
Cynoglossum |
germanicum
|
Green
Hound's-tongue |
![Images of host in British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al. British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al.](../Images/camera_icon.jpg) |
Mines
in BMNH |
Cynoglossum |
germanicum
|
Green
Hound's-tongue |
![Images of host in British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al. British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al.](../Images/camera_icon.jpg) |
Spencer, 1972b: 109 |
Cynoglossum |
officinale
|
Hound's-tongue |
![Images of host in British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al. British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al.](../Images/camera_icon.jpg) |
Mines
in BMNH |
Echium |
|
|
|
Spencer, 1972b: 35 |
Echium |
|
|
|
Robbins,
1991: 97 |
Echium |
vulgare
|
Viper's-bugloss |
![Images of host in British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al. British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al.](../Images/camera_icon.jpg) |
Mines
in BMNH |
Echium |
vulgare
|
Viper's-bugloss |
![Images of host in British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al. British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al.](../Images/camera_icon.jpg) |
Spencer, 1972b: 109 |
Myosotis |
arvensis
|
Field
Forget-me-not |
![Images of host in British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al. British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al.](../Images/camera_icon.jpg) |
Mines
in BMNH |
Myosotis |
scorpioides
|
Water
Forget-me-not |
![Images of host in British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al. British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al.](../Images/camera_icon.jpg) |
Mines
in BMNH |
Myosotis |
sylvatica
|
Wood
Forget-me-not |
![Images of host in British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al. British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al.](../Images/camera_icon.jpg) |
Mines
in BMNH |
Pentaglottis |
sempervirens
|
Green
Alkanet |
![Images of host in British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al. British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al.](../Images/camera_icon.jpg) |
Spencer, 1972b: 109 |
Pulmonaria |
|
|
|
Robbins,
1991: 97 |
Pulmonaria |
|
|
|
British
leafminers |
Pulmonaria |
longifolia
|
Narrow-leaved
Lungwort |
|
Mines
in BMNH |
Pulmonaria |
officinalis
|
Lungwort |
![Images of host in British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al. British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al.](../Images/camera_icon.jpg) |
Robbins,
1989: 18 |
Symphytum |
|
|
|
Robbins,
1991: 96 |
Symphytum |
|
|
|
British
leafminers |
Symphytum |
officinale
|
Common
Comfrey |
![Images of host in British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al. British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al.](../Images/camera_icon.jpg) |
Robbins,
1989: 18 |
Symphytum |
officinale
|
Common
Comfrey |
![Images of host in British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al. British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al.](../Images/camera_icon.jpg) |
Spencer, 1972b: 109 |
Symphytum |
x
uplandicum |
Russian
Comfrey |
![Images of host in British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al. British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al.](../Images/camera_icon.jpg) |
Robbins,
1989: 18, as Symphytum officinale x asperum |
Hosts
elsewhere:
Boraginaceae |
|
|
|
|
?
Amsinckia |
|
|
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Anchusa |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1976: 89 |
Anchusa |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 199 |
Anchusa |
arvensis |
Bugloss |
![Images of host in British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al. British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al.](../Images/camera_icon.jpg) |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Anchusa |
azurea |
Garden
Anchusa |
![Images of host in British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al. British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al.](../Images/camera_icon.jpg) |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Anchusa |
capensis |
Cape
Alkanet |
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Anchusa |
officinalis |
Alkanet |
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Asperugo |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1976: 89 |
Asperugo |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 199 |
Asperugo |
procumbens
|
Madwort |
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Borago |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1976: 89 |
Borago |
officinalis |
Borage |
![Images of host in British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al. British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al.](../Images/camera_icon.jpg) |
Dempewolf,
2001: 51 |
Borago |
officinalis
|
Borage |
![Images of host in British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al. British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al.](../Images/camera_icon.jpg) |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Brunnera
|
macrophylla |
Great
Forget-me-not |
![Images of host in British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al. British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al.](../Images/camera_icon.jpg) |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Cerinthe |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 199 |
Cerinthe |
glabra |
Smooth
Honeywort |
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Cerinthe |
minor |
Lesser
Honeywort |
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Cynoglossum |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1976: 89 |
Cynoglossum |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 199 |
Cynoglossum |
cheirifolium |
|
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Cynoglossum |
creticum |
|
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Cynoglossum |
officinale |
Hound's-tongue |
![Images of host in British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al. British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al.](../Images/camera_icon.jpg) |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Cynoglossum |
officinale
|
Hound's-tongue |
![Images of host in British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al. British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al.](../Images/camera_icon.jpg) |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Echium |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1976: 89 |
Echium |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 199 |
Echium |
fastuosum |
|
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Echium |
italicum |
Pale
Bugloss |
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Echium |
plantagineum |
Purple
Viper's-bugloss |
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Echium |
vulgare
|
Viper's-bugloss |
![Images of host in British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al. British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al.](../Images/camera_icon.jpg) |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Lappula |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 199 |
Lappula |
squarrosa
|
Bur
Forget-me-not |
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Lithospermum |
purpurocaeruleum |
Purple
Gromwell |
![Images of host in British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al. British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al.](../Images/camera_icon.jpg) |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Lithospermum |
officinale
|
Common
Gromwell |
![Images of host in British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al. British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al.](../Images/camera_icon.jpg) |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Lycopsis |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1976: 89 |
Lycopsis |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 199 |
Myosotis |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 199 |
Myosotis |
alpestris |
Alpine
Forget-me-not |
![Images of host in British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al. British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al.](../Images/camera_icon.jpg) |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Myosotis |
arvensis |
Field
Forget-me-not |
![Images of host in British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al. British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al.](../Images/camera_icon.jpg) |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Myosotis |
caespitosa |
|
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Myosotis |
ramosissima |
Early
Forget-me-not |
![Images of host in British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al. British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al.](../Images/camera_icon.jpg) |
Bladmineerders van Europa, as Myosotis hispida
|
Myosotis |
hybrida |
|
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Myosotis |
intermedia |
|
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Myosotis |
palustris |
Common
Water Forget-Me-Not |
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Myosotis |
sylvatica |
Wood
Forget-me-not |
![Images of host in British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al. British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al.](../Images/camera_icon.jpg) |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Nonea |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 199 |
Omphalodes |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 199 |
Omphalodes |
verna
|
Blue-eyed-Mary |
![Images of host in British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al. British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al.](../Images/camera_icon.jpg) |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Onosma |
visiani |
|
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Pentaglottis |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1976: 89 |
Pentaglottis |
sempervirens
|
Green
Alkanet |
![Images of host in British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al. British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al.](../Images/camera_icon.jpg) |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Podonosma |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 199 |
Pulmonaria |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1976: 89 |
Pulmonaria |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 199 |
Pulmonaria |
maculata |
|
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Pulmonaria |
montana |
Mountain
Lungwort |
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Pulmonaria |
obscura |
Suffolk
Lungwort |
![Images of host in British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al. British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al.](../Images/camera_icon.jpg) |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Pulmonaria |
officinalis
|
Lungwort |
![Images of host in British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al. British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al.](../Images/camera_icon.jpg) |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Symphytum |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1976: 89 |
Symphytum |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 199 |
Symphytum |
officinale
|
Common
Comfrey |
![Images of host in British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al. British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al.](../Images/camera_icon.jpg) |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Symphytum |
tuberosum |
Tuberous
Comfrey |
![Images of host in British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al. British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al.](../Images/camera_icon.jpg) |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Time
of year - mines: June-October.
Time
of year - adults: Currently unknown.
Distribution
in Great Britain and Ireland: Widespread in Britain (Spencer, 1972b: 88) including Hampshire (Fleet) (British
leafminers), Warwickshire (Hartshill) (Robbins,
1991: 96), Fife (Aberdour) and Dunbartonshire (Bonhill) (Spencer,
1956; Bland, 1994c), East Norfolk, East Ross, East Suffolk, East Sussex, Glamorgan, Nottinghamshire, South Aberdeenshire, South Lancashire, Surrey, West Gloucestershire and West Suffolk (NBN
Atlas).
Also
recorded in the Republic of Ireland: Co. Down (Spencer, 1972b: 88). Distribution
elsewhere: Common and widespread throughout most of Europe,
including Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden (Spencer,
1976: 88), The Netherlands, Luxembourg (Bladmineerders van Europa) and Germany (Spencer,
1976: 542; Dempewolf, 2001:
51), Austria, ? Corsica, Czech Republic, Hungary, Italian mainland,
Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Spanish mainland, Switzerland
and Yugoslavia (Fauna Europaea).
NBN Atlas links to known host species:
Anchusa
arvensis, Anchusa
azurea, Anchusa
officinalis, Asperugo
procumbens, Borago
officinalis, Brunnera
macrophylla, Cynoglossum
germanicum,
Cynoglossum
officinale, Echium
italicum, Echium
plantagineum, Echium
vulgare, Lappula
squarrosa, Lithospermum
officinale, Lithospermum
purpurocaerulea, Myosotis
alpestris, Myosotis
arvensis, Myosotis
ramosissima, Myosotis
scorpioides, Myosotis
sylvatica, Omphalodes
verna, Pentaglottis
sempervirens, Pulmonaria
longifolia, Pulmonaria
obscura, Pulmonaria
officinalis, Symphytum
officinale, Symphytum
tuberosum
|
British and Irish Parasitoids in Britain and elsewhere:
|