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Leaf miner: A large brownish blotch, without an initial corridor. Usually the mine starts near a vein axil, and expands towards the leaf margin. The mine mostly remains enclosed by two thick lateral veins; only near the leaf margin (and especially in thin shadow leaves) the mine may trespass over the side veins. Often several mines in a leaf. The mine is upper surface, but quite deep, specially when the larva is young not all tissue is eaten away, and the mine keeps a greenish tinge there. Contrary to Heterarthrus vagans, at least as common on the same host, the larva vacates the mine prior to pupation (Bladmineerders van Europa).

A large, brown upper surface blotch, initially between veins and running towards the margin (British leafminers).

Larva: The larvae of sawflies have a head capsule, chewing mouthparts with opposable mandibles, six thoracic legs and abdominal legs (although they may be reduced) (see examples).

The larva is illustrated in British leafminers and Bladmineerders van Europa. The larva vacates the mine prior to pupation (Bladmineerders van Europa).

Pupa: The pupae of sawflies have visible head appendages, wings and legs which lie in sheaths.

Adult: Details unknown.

Hosts in Great Britain and Ireland:

Betulaceae
Alnus				British leafminers
Alnus	glutinosa	Alder		British leafminers
Alnus	glutinosa	Alder		Pitkin & Plant
Alnus	incana			Pitkin & Plant

Hosts elsewhere:

Betulaceae
Alnus	cordata	Italian Alder		Bladmineerders van Europa
Alnus	glutinosa	Alder		Bladmineerders van Europa
Alnus	incana	Grey Alder		Bladmineerders van Europa
Alnus	rugosa			Bladmineerders van Europa
Alnus	viridis	Green Alder		Bladmineerders van Europa
Alnus	viridis subsp suaveolens			Bladmineerders van Europa

Time of year - larvae: Bivoltine - early summer onwards. Trivoltine in a good year (British leafminers).

Time of year - adults: Currently unknown.

Comments: Full synonymy and references are listed in ECatSym - Electronic World Catalog of Symphyta.

Distribution in Great Britain and Ireland: Very common (British leafminers) including Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire, Cheshire, Cumberland, Derbyshire, Glamorgan, Mid-west Yorkshire, Monmouthshire, North Wiltshire, North-west Yorkshire, South Essex, South Lancashire, South Wiltshire, Surrey, West Gloucestershire, West Suffolk and Worcestershire (NBN Atlas).

Also recorded in the Republic of Ireland (Fauna Europaea).

Distribution elsewhere: Widespread in continental Europe including Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Corsica, Croatia, Czech Republic, Danish mainland, Estonia, Finland, French mainland, Germany, Hungary, Italian mainland, Luxembourg, Poland, Romania, Russia - Central, Slovakia, Spanish mainland, Sweden, Switzerland, The Netherlands and Ukraine. Also recorded in the Nearctic region (Fauna Europaea).

NBN Atlas links to known host species:

British and Irish Parasitoids in Britain and elsewhere: