Leaf-miner: An early gallery filled with greenish frass, later leaving clear
margins (British
leafminers).
Egg
at the underside of the leaf, near a vein. The mine is a clear corridor,
often with a hairpin turn, the section before the turn often following
the leaf margin. The first section of the mine is entirely filled
with greyish green frass. Further on the frass line is quite variable,
black, sometimes coiled, always leaving a clear zone at either side.
The shift in the frass pattern usually is quite sharp (probably
coincides with a moult). The frass is deposited on the ceiling of
the mine. Pupation external; exit slit in upper epidermis (Bladmineerders van Europa).
Larva: The larvae of moths have a head capsule and chewing mouthparts with opposable mandibles (see video of a gracillarid larva feeding), six thoracic legs and abdominal legs (see examples).
The larva is bright yellow, head pale brown (British
leafminers).
The
larva is also illustrated in Bladmineerders van Europa.
Pupa: The pupae of moths have visible head appendages, wings and legs which lie in sheaths (see examples).
Adult:
The adult is illustrated in UKMoths.
he species is included in mothdissection.co.uk.
Hosts in Great Britain and Ireland:
Hosts elsewhere:
Time
of year - larvae: July, October - December (British
leafminers).
Time
of year - adults: Two generations, May and August (UKMoths).
Distribution
in Great Britain and Ireland: A fairly common species throughout
the British Isles (UKMoths)
including Anglesey, Ayrshire, Banffshire, Bedfordshire, Breconshire, Caernarvonshire,
Cambridgeshire, Carmarthenshire, Cheshire, Derbyshire, East Gloucestershire,
East Kent, East Norfolk, East Suffolk, Easterness, Edinburgh, Elgin,
Glamorgan, Herefordshire, Hertfordshire, Huntingdonshire, Kincardineshire,
Leicestershire, Merionethshire, Middlesex, Monmouthshire, North Aberdeenshire, North Devon, North Ebudes, North Essex, North Hampshire,
North Somerset, North-west Yorkshire, Shropshire, South Aberdeenshire,
South Essex, South Lancashire, South Wiltshire, South-east Yorkshire,
South-west Yorkshire, Stafford, Surrey, Warwickshire, West Gloucestershire,
West Kent, West Lancashire, West Norfolk, West Suffolk, Westmorland and Worcestershire (NBN
Atlas) and the Channel Is. (Fauna Europaea).
See also British
leafminers distribution map.
Also
recorded in the Republic of Ireland (Fauna Europaea and National Biodiversity Data Centre Map).
Distribution
elsewhere: Widespread in continental Europe including Albania,
Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canary Is., Corsica, Croatia, Czech
Republic, Danish mainland, Estonia, Finland, French mainland, Germany,
Hungary, Italian mainland, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia,
Republic of Moldova, Norwegian mainland, Poland, Portuguese mainland,
Romania, Russia - East and Northwest, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden,
Switzerland, The Netherlands, Ukraine and Yugoslavia. Also present
in East Palaearctic (Fauna Europaea).
NBN Atlas links to known host species:
British and Irish Parasitoids in Britain and elsewhere:
Chalcidoidea |
|
Chrysocharis
nitetis (Walker, 1939) |
Eulophidae: Entedoninae |
Chrysocharis
pubicornis (Zetterstedt, 1838) |
Eulophidae: Entedoninae |
Chrysocharis prodice (Walker, 1839) |
Eulophidae: Entedoninae |
Cirrospilus
vittatus Walker, 1838 |
Eulophidae: Eulophinae |
Sceptrothelys deione (Walker, 1839) |
Pteromalidae: Pteromalinae |
Seladerma aeneum (Walker, 1833) |
Pteromalidae: Miscogastrinae |
Ichneumonoidea - Links to species no longer available |
|
Coloneura
stylata Förster, 1862 |
Braconidae: Alysiinae |
Adelius erythronotus
(Förster, 1851) |
Braconidae: Cheloninae |
Adelius subfasciatus Haliday, 1833 |
Braconidae: Cheloninae |
Colastes
braconius Haliday, 1833 |
Braconidae: Exothecinae |
Deuterixys rimulosa (Niezabitowski, 1910) |
Braconidae: Microgastrinae |
Mirax rufilabris Haliday, 1833 |
Braconidae: Miracinae |
|