Leaf-miner: The mine is underside, between veins, narrow and close to midrib
(British
leafminers).
Often
there are several to one leaf, and have a distinct brown tinge (UKMoths).
Elongated,
lower-surface, in the end tubular contracted tentiform mine, usualy
starting at a small distance from the midrib. The lower epidermis
with many weak wrinkles but no clear folds. Often several mines
in a leaf. All frass is accumulated in an angle of the mine. Pupa
in a white cocoon that is free from frass (Bladmineerders van Europa).
Larva: The larvae of moths have a head capsule and chewing mouthparts with opposable mandibles (see video of a gracillarid larva feeding), six thoracic legs and abdominal legs (see examples).
The larva is illustrated in Bladmineerders van Europa.
Pupa: The pupae of moths have visible head appendages, wings and legs which lie in sheaths (see examples).
The pupa is illustrated in Bladmineerders van Europa and in British
leafminers.
Adult:
The adult is illustrated in UKMoths and the Encyclopedia
of Life. The species is included in mothdissection.co.uk.
Hosts in Great Britain and Ireland:
Hosts elsewhere:
Time
of year - larvae: July, September - October (British
leafminers).
Time
of year - adults: Two generations, flying in May and late July
and August (UKMoths).
Distribution
in Great Britain and Ireland: Occurs in widely separated colonies
around its foodplant Grey Alder. It is known from a few isolated
places ranging from north-west Britain, through Wales and down to
East Anglia and southern Britain (UKMoths)
including Anglesey, Ayrshire, Carmarthenshire, Denbighshire, Dorset, East Kent, East Norfolk, East Ross,
East Suffolk, East Sutherland, Glamorgan, Isle of Wight, Leicestershire, North Ebudes, North Suffolk, Shropshire,
South Wiltshire, South-west Yorkshire, Stafford,
West Gloucestershire, West Norfolk, Westmorland and Worcestershire (NBN
Atlas).
See also British
leafminers distribution map.
It
can be locally very common where it occurs (UKMoths).
Distribution
elsewhere: Widespread in continental Europe including Albania,
Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Corsica, Czech Republic, Danish mainland,
Estonia, Finland, French mainland, Germany, Hungary, Italian mainland,
Latvia, Lithuania, Norwegian mainland, Poland, Romania, Russia -
Central, East, North and Northwest, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland,
The Netherlands and Ukraine. Also recorded in East Palaearctic (Fauna Europaea).
NBN Atlas links to known host species:
British and Irish Parasitoids in Britain and elsewhere:
Chalcidoidea |
|
Achrysocharoides cilla (Walker, 1839) |
Eulophidae: Entedoninae |
Achrysocharoides splendens (Delucchi, 1954) |
Eulophidae: Entedoninae |
Chrysocharis nephereus (Walker, 1839) |
Eulophidae: Entedoninae |
Pediobius alcaeus (Walker, 1839) |
Eulophidae: Entedoninae |
Cirrospilus
diallus Walker, 1838 |
Eulophidae: Eulophinae |
Cirrospilus
salatis Walker, 1838 |
Eulophidae: Eulophinae |
Cirrospilus
vittatus Walker, 1838 |
Eulophidae: Eulophinae |
Sympiesis gordius (Walker, 1839) |
Eulophidae: Eulophinae |
Ichneumonoidea - Links to species no longer available |
|
Coloneura
stylata Förster, 1862 |
Braconidae: Alysiinae |
Colastes
braconius Haliday, 1833 |
Braconidae: Exothecinae |
Protapanteles triangulator (Wesmael, 1837) |
Braconidae: Microgastrinae |
Pholetesor bicolor (Nees, 1834) |
Braconidae: Microgastrinae |
Pholetesor circumscriptus (Nees, 1834) |
Braconidae: Microgastrinae |
Pholetesor laetus (Marshall, 1885) |
Braconidae: Microgastrinae |
Pholetesor nanus (Reinhard, 1880) |
Braconidae: Microgastrinae |
Mesochorus dispar Brischke, 1880 |
Ichneumonidae: Mesochorinae |
|