Leaf-miner: The mine is underside, small, at or near midrib. The lower epidermis
with one strong crease (British
leafminers).
Lower-surface
tentiform mine, not longer than 20 mm, usually in the axil of a
thick lateral vein, with one strong length fold. Pupa in a tough
off-white cocoon that is fastened to the floor and the roof of the
mine. Almost all frass is incorporated in the sides of the cocoon
(visible with a loupe in transparancy as two dark lines). In autumn
not infrequently five or more mines in one leaf (Bladmineerders van Europa).
The
mine is also illustrated in UKMoths.
Larva: The larvae of moths have a head capsule and chewing mouthparts with opposable mandibles (see video of a gracillarid larva feeding), six thoracic legs and abdominal legs (see examples).
Pale green (Bladmineerders van Europa).
Pupa: The pupae of moths have visible head appendages, wings and legs which lie in sheaths (see examples).
The
cremaster is illustrated in British
leafminers. The pupa is illustrated in Bladmineerders van Europa.
Adult:
The adult is illustrated in UKMoths. The species is included in mothdissection.co.uk.
Hosts in Great Britain and Ireland:
Hosts elsewhere:
Time
of year - larvae: July, September - October (British
leafminers).
Time
of year - adults: Two generations; in May and again in August
(UKMoths).
Distribution
in Great Britain and Ireland: Quite a common species throughout
the British Isles (UKMoths)
including Anglesey, Banffshire, Bedfordshire, Breconshire, Caernarvonshire, Cambridgeshire, Carmarthenshire, Cheshire, Cumberland, Denbighshire,
Derbyshire, Dorset, Dumfrishire,. East Norfolk, East Suffolk, East Sutherland, Flintshire,
Glamorgan, Herefordshire, Hertfordshire, Huntingdonshire, Kincardineshire,
Merionethshire, Mid-west Yorkshire, Middlesex, Monmouthshire, North Aberdeenshire, North Devon, North Essex, North Hampshire, North Northumberland, North Somerset,
North Wiltshire, Pembrokeshire, Shropshire, South Aberdeenshire, South Lancashire, South Wiltshire, Stafford, Surrey, Warwickshire, West Gloucestershire, West Kent, West Norfolk, West Ross, West Suffolk, Westmorland and Worcestershire (NBN
Atlas).
See also British
leafminers distribution map.
Also
recorded in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland (Fauna Europaea and National Biodiversity Data Centre Map).
Distribution
elsewhere: Widespread in continental Europe including Albania,
Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Danish mainland,
Estonia, Finland, French mainland, Germany, Hungary, Italian mainland,
Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Republic of Moldova, Norwegian mainland,
Poland, Romania, Russia - Central, North and Northwest, Sardinia,
Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, The Netherlands, Ukraine and Yugoslavia
(Fauna Europaea).
NBN Atlas links to known host species:
British and Irish Parasitoids in Britain and elsewhere:
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