Leaf-miner: The mine is oval on Q. ilex (note - there may be several
mines in the leaf), and similar to P.
quercifoliella on deciduous oaks. It is between adjacent
veins on beech and hornbeam (British
leafminers).
Small,
oval, lower-surface tentiform mine, 9-14 mm long, mostly between
two lateral veins. The lower epidermis with a single sharp fold
(sometimes forked near its end). Pupa in very flimsy cocoon, that
contains a bit of frass laterally and at the rear end (Bladmineerders van Europa).
The
mine is also illustrated in UKMoths.
Larva: The larvae of moths have a head capsule and chewing mouthparts with opposable mandibles (see video of a gracillarid larva feeding), six thoracic legs and abdominal legs (see examples).
The larva is a pale yellow colour (British
leafminers).
The
larva is illustrated in Bladmineerders van Europa.
Pupa: The pupae of moths have visible head appendages, wings and legs which lie in sheaths (see examples).
The pupa is illustrated in Bladmineerders van Europa.
Adult:
The adult is illustrated in UKMoths.
The species is included in mothdissection.co.uk.
Hosts in Great Britain and Ireland:
Hosts elsewhere:
Time
of year - larvae: March - April, July, October (British
leafminers).
Time
of year - adults: The adult moths occur in a number of generations,
any time between April and November (UKMoths).
Distribution
in Great Britain and Ireland: Fairly common throughout much
of the British Isles, though more so in the south (UKMoths)
including Bedfordshire, Breconshire, Buckinghamshire, Caernarvonshire, Cambridgeshire,
Carmarthenshire, Derbyshire, Dorset, Durham, East Cornwall, East Gloucestershire, East Kent, East Norfolk,
East Ross, East Suffolk, East Sussex, Flintshire, Glamorgan, Herefordshire, Hertfordshire, Huntingdonshire, Isle of Wight, Leicestershire, Linlithgow, Merionethshire, Middlesex, Monmouthshire, North Devon, North Essex, North Northumberland,
North Somerset, North Wiltshire, Pembrokeshire, Radnorshire, Shropshire,
South Aberdeenshire, South Devon, South Lancashire, South Northumberland, South Wiltshire, South-east Yorkshire, South-west Yorkshire, Stafford, Surrey, West Cornwall, West Gloucestershire, West Lancashire,
West Norfolk, West Suffolk, Westmorland, Wigtownshire and Worcestershire (NBN
Atlas), the Channel Is. (Fauna Europaea).
See also British
leafminers distribution map.
Also recorded from the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland (Fauna Europaea). See National Biodiversity Data Centre Map).
Distribution
elsewhere: Widespread in continental Europe including Austria,
Azores, Balearic Is., Belgium, Bulgaria, Canary Is., Corsica, Croatia,
Danish mainland, French mainland, Germany, Greek mainland, Hungary,
Italian mainland, Macedonia, Madeira, Republic of Moldova, Portuguese
mainland, Russia - South, Sardinia, Sicily, Spanish mainland, Switzerland,
The Netherlands and Ukraine. Also recorded in Near East, North Africa
and Australian region (Fauna Europaea).
NBN Atlas links to known host species:
Carpinus
betulus, Castanea
sativa, Fagus
sylvatica, Ostrya carpinifolia, Quercus
cerris, Quercus
x crenata, Quercus
ilex, Quercus
petraea, Quercus
robur, Quercus
suber, Quercus
x turneri |
British and Irish Parasitoids in Britain and elsewhere:
Chalcidoidea |
|
Achrysocharoides splendens (Delucchi, 1954) |
Eulophidae: Entedoninae |
Asecodes delucchii (Boucek, 1971) |
Eulophidae: Entedoninae |
Chrysocharis laomedon (Walker, 1839) |
Eulophidae: Entedoninae |
Chrysocharis nephereus (Walker, 1839) |
Eulophidae: Entedoninae |
Cirrospilus
elegantissimus Westwood, 1841 |
Eulophidae: Eulophinae |
Cirrospilus
lyncus Walker, 1841 |
Eulophidae: Eulophinae |
Cirrospilus
vittatus Walker, 1838 |
Eulophidae: Eulophinae |
Cirrospilus viticola (Rondani, 1877) |
Eulophidae: Eulophinae |
Sympiesis dolichogaster Ashmead, 1888 |
Eulophidae: Eulophinae |
Sympiesis gordius (Walker, 1839) |
Eulophidae: Eulophinae |
Ichneumonoidea - Links to species no longer available |
|
Coloneura
stylata Förster, 1862 |
Braconidae: Alysiinae |
Colastes
braconius Haliday, 1833 |
Braconidae: Exothecinae |
Pholetesor circumscriptus (Nees, 1834) |
Braconidae: Microgastrinae |
|