Leaf-miner: The mine is underside, about 25 mm long, often from midrib to margin
of leaf. The lower epidermis appears smooth. There may be several
mines in a leaf (British
leafminers).
Large,
lower-surface tentiform mine, often occupying the entire space between
two side veins, from the midrib almost to the leaf margin, Lower
epidermis without clear folds.The larva is grey (all other phyllonorycters
on Alder are white). Pupa in a light brown cocoon that is fastened
to the roof of the mine. The cocoon is entirely free of frass: all
frass is accumulated in the inner corner of the mine (Bladmineerders van Europa).
The
mine is also illustrated in UKMoths.
Larva: The larvae of moths have a head capsule and chewing mouthparts with opposable mandibles (see video of a gracillarid larva feeding), six thoracic legs and abdominal legs (see examples).
The larva is illustrated in Bladmineerders van Europa.
Pupa: The pupae of moths have visible head appendages, wings and legs which lie in sheaths (see examples).
Cremaster with only one pair of spines; mesonotum without a pit at the rear margin. The cremaster is illustrated in British
leafminers and Bladmineerders van Europa.
Adult:
The adult is illustrated in UKMoths. The species is included in mothdissection.co.uk.
Hosts in Great Britain and Ireland:
Hosts
elsewhere:
Time
of year - larvae: September - October (British
leafminers).
Time
of year - adults: The moth is believed to have only a single
generation, flying in July and August, though bred specimens will
emerge in spring if kept indoors (UKMoths).
Distribution
in Great Britain and Ireland: Widespread in Britain including
Anglesey, Bedfordshire, Berkshire, Breconshire, Caernarvonshire, Cambridgeshire,
Cheshire, Denbighshire, Dorset, Durham, East Cornwall, East Kent, East Norfolk, East Ross, East Suffolk,
East Sutherland, Easterness, Glamorgan, Haddington, Huntingdonshire, Isle of Wighht, Merionethshire,
Middlesex, North Somerset, Pembrokeshire, North Wiltshire,
Shropshire, South Aberdeenshire, South Northumberland, South Wiltshire, South-west Yorkshire,
Stafford, West Kent, West Lancashire, West Norfolk, West Suffolk, Westmorland and Worcestershire (NBN
Atlas). Also Hampshire (Fleet) (British
leafminers).
See also British
leafminers distribution map.
Also
recorded in the Republic of Ireland (Fauna Europaea and National Biodiversity Data Centre Map).
Distribution
elsewhere: Widespread in continental Europe including Albania,
Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Danish mainland, Estonia,
Finland, French mainland, Germany, Hungary, Italian mainland, Latvia,
Lithuania, Macedonia, Norwegian mainland, Poland, Portuguese mainland,
Romania, Russia - Central and Northwest, Sardinia, Slovakia, Spanish
mainland, Sweden, Switzerland, The Netherlands, Ukraine and Yugoslavia
(Fauna Europaea).
NBN Atlas links to known host species:
British and Irish Parasitoids in Britain and elsewhere:
Chalcidoidea |
|
Achrysocharoides cilla (Walker, 1839) |
Eulophidae: Entedoninae |
Achrysocharoides latreillii (Curtis, 1826) |
Eulophidae: Entedoninae |
Chrysocharis nephereus (Walker, 1839) |
Eulophidae: Entedoninae |
Pnigalio agraules (Walker, 1839) |
Eulophidae: Eulophinae |
Pnigalio longulus (Zetterstedt, 1838) |
Eulophidae: Eulophinae |
Sympiesis gordius (Walker, 1839) |
Eulophidae: Eulophinae |
Baryscapus nigroviolaceus (Nees, 1834) |
Eulophidae: Tetrastichinae |
Ichneumonoidea - Links to species no longer available |
|
Coloneura
stylata Förster, 1862 |
Braconidae: Alysiinae |
Colastes
braconius Haliday, 1833 |
Braconidae: Exothecinae |
Pholetesor bicolor (Nees, 1834) |
Braconidae: Microgastrinae |
Pholetesor circumscriptus (Nees, 1834) |
Braconidae: Microgastrinae |
Pholetesor nanus (Reinhard, 1880) |
Braconidae: Microgastrinae |
Rhysipolis hariolator (Haliday, 1836) |
Braconidae: Rhysipolinae |
Scambus inanis (Schrank, 1802) |
Ichneumonidae: Pimplinae |
|