Leaf-miner: The larvae form galleries along the edge of the leaf, leading to
the development of large blotches on the leaf margin (UKMoths).
Oviposition
on the leaf underside. There begins a full depth corridor that gradually
widens into an irregular elliptic blotch. Generally the corridor
part for a large stretch follows the leaf margin. If oviposition
occurred well away from the leaf margin, the corridor starts by
making some irregular loops around the oviposition site; however,
when, as often occurs, the egg is placed close to the leaf margin,
at once the leaf margin is mined. Frass blackish brown (rarely brown)
in the corridor, black in the blotch. In the corridor the frass
lies in lumps or indistinct coils; in the blotch the frass is irregularly
dispersed. Pupation outside the mine; exit slit in the upper epidermis,
contrary to Bohemannia
pulverosella, with which atricollis may co-occur
on Apple (Bladmineerders van Europa).
Larva: The larvae of moths have a head capsule and chewing mouthparts with opposable mandibles (see video of a gracillarid larva feeding), six thoracic legs and abdominal legs (see examples).
Larva whitish, head and ventral spots dark (this distinguishes it
from Stigmella hybnerella,
which has a pale head) (British
leafminers). The larva is greenish white and lies belly-up in the mine. The head is blackish brown (contrary to the pale brown head of Stigmella hybnerella, of which the mines sometimes resemble those of atricollis). Young larvae, in their 2nd and 3rd instar, with a chain of black ventral plates (van Nieukerken, 1985a). Bladmineerders van Europa.
Pupa: The pupae of moths have visible head appendages, wings and legs which lie in sheaths (see examples).
Adult:
The adult is illustrated in UKMoths.
The species is included in mothdissection.co.uk.
Hosts in Great Britain and Ireland:
Hosts
elsewhere:
Time
of year - larvae: August - April (British
leafminers).
Time
of year - adults: The adult moths emerge in a single generation
in June (UKMoths).
Distribution
in Great Britain and Ireland: Widespread throughout England
and Wales (UKMoths)
including Anglesey, Bedfordshire, Breconshire, Buckinghamshire, Caernarvonshire, Cambridgeshire,
Carmarthenshire, Cheshire, Denbighshire, Derbyshire, Dorset, Dumfriesshire, Dunbartonshire, Durham, East Cornwall, East Gloucestershire, East Kent, East Norfolk,
East Suffolk, Edinburgh, Flintshire, Glamorgan, Haddington, Hertfordshire, Huntingdonshire, Isle of Wight, Kincardineshire, Leicestershire, Mid-west Yorkshire,
Middlesex, Montgomeryshire, North Devon, North Hampshire, North Lincolnshire,
North Northumberland, North Somerset, North-west Yorkshire, Northamptonshire, Nottinghamshire, Shropshire, South Hampshire, South Northumberland, South Somerset, South Wiltshire, South-east Yorkshire, South-west Yorkshire, Stafford, Stirling, Surrey, Warwickshire, West Cornwall,
West Gloucestershire, West Kent, West Norfolk, West Suffolk, Westmorland and
Worcestershire (NBN
Atlas).
See also British
leafminers distribution map.
Also
recorded in the Republic of Ireland (Fauna Europaea and National Biodiversity Data Centre Map).
Distribution
elsewhere: Widespread in continental Europe including Austria,
Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Corsica, Croatia, Czech Republic,
Danish mainland, Estonia, French mainland, Germany, Hungary, Italian
mainland, Latvia, Republic of Moldova, Norwegian mainland, Poland,
Romania, Russia - Central, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland,
The Netherlands, Ukraine and Yugoslavia. Also recorded in the East
Palaearctic (Fauna Europaea).
NBN Atlas links to known host species:
Crataegus
laevigata, Crataegus
monogyna, Malus
pumila, Malus
sylvestris, Mespilus
germanica, Prunus
avium, Prunus
cerasifera, Prunus
doemstica subsp. insititia, Prunus
mahaleb, Pyrus
communis, Staphylea
pinnata |
British and Irish Parasitoids in Britain and elsewhere: Currently unknown.
|