Leaf-miner: The
larvae feed at first in a mine, and later in a folded or rolled
leaf (UKMoths).
The
mine begins with a usually rather short gallery, that opens into
(and often is overrun by) a silvery epidermal upper-surface blotch
with light brown frass. When the mine gets older it contracts and
becomes an elongate blister or even a tube. Soon the larva leaves
the mine and continues feeding within a downwards rolled leaf margin,
that is fastened with silk (Bladmineerders van Europa).
The
rolled leaf is also illustrated in British
leafminers.
Larva: The larvae of moths have a head capsule and chewing mouthparts with opposable mandibles (see video of a gracillarid larva feeding), six thoracic legs and abdominal legs (see examples).
The larva is illustrated in Bladmineerders van Europa.
Pupa: The pupae of moths have visible head appendages, wings and legs which lie in sheaths (see examples).
Under
a silk membrane on underside of leaf (UKMoths). Pupation in a transparent, yellow-shining cocoon at the leaf margin
(Bladmineerders van Europa).
Adult:
The adult is illustrated in UKMoths and the Encyclopedia
of Life. The species is included in mothdissection.co.uk.
Hosts in Great Britain and Ireland:
Hosts
elsewhere:
Time
of year - larvae: May, July (British
leafminers).
Time
of year - adults: Two generations, June and again during September,
after which they hibernate and reappear in spring (UKMoths).
Distribution
in Great Britain and Ireland: A relatively common species
throughout much of Britain including Lancashire (Littleborough)
(UKMoths);
Anglesey, Banffshire, Bedfordshire, Berkshire, Breconshire, Caernarvonshire, Cambridgeshire,
Cardiganshire, Carmarthenshire, Denbighshire, Derbyshire, Dorset, Dumfriesshire, Dunbartonshire, Durham, East Cornwall, East Kent, East Norfolk, East Ross, East Suffolk, East Sutherland, Easterness,
Fife, Glamorgan, Haddington, Herefordshire, Hertfordshire, Huntingdonshire, Isle of Wight, Kincardineshire, Leicestershire, Merionethshire, Middlesex, North Aberdeenshire, North Ebudes, North Essex, North Hampshire, North Northumberland, North Somerset,
Nottinghamshire, Outer Hebrides, Pembrokeshire, Shropshire, South Aberdeenshire, South Devon, South Northumberland, South Somerset, South Wiltshire, South-west Yorkshire, Stafford, Stirlingshire, Surrey, Warwickshire,
West Cornwall, West Gloucestershire, West Lancashire, West Norfolk, West Perthshire, West Ross, West Suffolk,
West Sutherland, Westmorland, Wigtownshire, Worcestershire and Shetland (NBN
Atlas).
See also British
leafminers distribution map.
Also
recorded in the Republic of Ireland (Fauna Europaea and National Biodiversity Data Centre Map).
Distribution
elsewhere: Widespread in continental Europe including Albania,
Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech
Republic, Danish mainland, Estonia, Finland, French mainland, Germany,
Greek mainland, Hungary, Italian mainland, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg,
Norwegian mainland, Poland, Romania, Russia - Central, North and
Northwest, Slovakia, Spanish mainland, Sweden, Switzerland, The
Netherlands and Ukraine (Fauna Europaea).
NBN Atlas links to known host species:
British and Irish Parasitoids in Britain and elsewhere:
Ichneumonoidea - Links to species no longer available |
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