Leaf-miner: The larvae mine the leaves at first, then create small feeding windows
(UKMoths).
Small,
full depth, hook-like corridor, usually in a vein axil, with a proportionally
large larval chamber. The remainder of the mine almost entirely
stuffed with frass. At the start if the mine an iridescent egg shell.
The larvae soon leave their mine and start living free on the leaf
(Bladmineerders van Europa).
The
mine is also illustrated in British
leafminers.
Larva: The larvae of moths have a head capsule and chewing mouthparts with opposable mandibles (see video of a gracillarid larva feeding), six thoracic legs and abdominal legs (see examples).
The larva is illustrated in UKMoths
and British
leafminers.
Pupa: The pupae of moths have visible head appendages, wings and legs which lie in sheaths (see examples).
The pupa and white ribbed cocoon are illustrated in British
leafminers.
Adult:
The adult is illustrated in UKMoths
(by Rob Edmunds) and the Encyclopedia of Life. The species is included in mothdissection.co.uk.
Hosts in Great Britain and Ireland:
Hosts
elsewhere:
Time
of year - larvae: July - August (British
leafminers).
Time
of year - adults: June, and sometimes again in August in the
south (UKMoths).
Distribution
in Great Britain and Ireland: Widespread in England including
Hampshire (Fleet) (British
leafminers), Lancashire (Greater Manchester, Chorlton) and Norfolk
(Holkham Park) (UKMoths);
Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire, East Norfolk,
East Suffolk, Glamorgan, Hertfordshire, Huntingdonshire, Leicestershire, Middlesex, North Essex,
North Lincolnshire, North Somerset, Northamptonshire, Shropshire, South Devon, South Hampshire, South Lancashire, South Wiltshire, Stafford,
West Gloucestershire, West Lancashire, West Norfolk, West Suffolk and Westmotland (NBN
Atlas).
See also British
leafminers distribution map.
Distribution
elsewhere: Widespread in continental Europe including Austria,
Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech
Republic, Danish mainland, Estonia, Finland, French mainland, Hungary,
Italian mainland, Kaliningrad Region, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia,
Norwegian mainland, Poland, Romania, Russia - Central and Northwest,
Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, The Netherlands, Ukraine and Yugoslavia
(Fauna Europaea).
NBN Atlas links to known host species:
Acer
campestre, Acer
platanoides, Acer
pseudoplatanus, Aesculus
hippocastanum, Carpinus
betulus, Fagus
sylvaticus, Tilia
cordata, Tilia
x euchlora, Tilia
platyphyllos, Tilia
tomentosa, Tilia
x vulgaris |
British and Irish Parasitoids in Britain and elsewhere:
|