![The leaf and stem mines of British flies and other insects - Best viewed on a Desktop computer; at least a 13 inch Notebook; or a Kindle Fire HD 8.9 inch tablet The leaf and stem mines of British flies and other insects](/Images/header.jpg) |
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(Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera)
by
Brian Pitkin, Willem Ellis, Colin Plant and Rob Edmunds
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MELAMPYRUM.
Cow-wheats. [Scrophulariaceae]
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Five
species of Melampyrum are recorded in Britain. These include
the native Field Cow-wheat (M. arvense), Crested Cow-wheat
(M. cristatum), Common Cow-wheat (M. pratense) and
Small Cow-wheat (M. sylvaticum).
Field
Cow-wheat (M. arvense) is protected under Schedule 8 of the
Wildlife and Countryside Act, 1981.
Small
Cow-wheat (M. sylvaticum) is protected in Northern Ireland
under Schedule 8 of the Wildlife (Northern Ireland) Order, 1985.
Only one British miner is recorded on Melampyrum.
A key to the European miners recorded on Melampyrum is provided in Bladmineerders van Europa.
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![Field Cow-wheat - Melampyrum arvense. Image: © Brian Pitkin](../Images/SmallHosts/Melampyrum_arvense.jpg)
Field
Cow-wheat
Melampyrum arvense
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Key for the identification of the known mines of British
insects (Diptera and non-Diptera) recorded on Melampyrum
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1 > Leaf-miner: Oviposition takes place in an upper leaf and a short mine is formed
either in the leaf or stem, but the larva feeds primarily in the
stem. Pupating in the stem (Spencer,
1976: 487 (fig. 857), 488).
Short
and narrow corridor in the leaves, bracts or even calyx, ending
in a thick vein. From there the larva descends as a borer. Infested
plants largely die off. Pupation and hibernation within the mine. |
On Odontites, but not yet on Melampyrum, in Britain and Euphrasia, Melampyrum, Odontites and Rhinanthus elsewhere. Distribution in Britain unknown.
Widespread in continental Europe. Also recorded in Canada.
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Phytomyza
rostrata Hering, 1934 [Diptera: Agromyzidae]. |
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