Comments: Sifner (1978) synonymised Parallelomma paridis (and
other species) with Paralellomma vittatum. According to Chandler
(pers. comm., following Collin, who separated the adults on colour) Parallelomma paridis is a good species (on Liliaceae) and Paralellomma vittatum is only on Orchidaceae.
Leaf-miner: Large blotch with a group of some larvae. At the start of the mine
a group of elliptic egg shells.
The larvae make individual mines which then merge to form an upper surface blotch. The larva leaves the mine to pupate (British
leafminers).
Larva: The larvae of flies are leg-less maggots without a head capsule (see examples). They never have thoracic or abdominal legs. They do not have chewing mouthparts, although they do have a characteristic cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton (see examples), usually visible internally through the body wall.
The larva is described by de Meijere (1940a)
and illustrated in Bladmineerders van Europa and by Light & MacConaill (2014).
Puparium: The puparia of flies are formed within the hardened last larval skin or puparium and as a result sheaths enclosing head appendages, wings and legs are not visible externally (see examples).
The puparium is illustrated in Bladmineerders van Europa and by Light & MacConaill (2014).
The species has recently been recorded on the orchids Cypripedium parviflorum var. pubescens, Cypripedium reginae and Epipacris hellevorine in Canada (Light & MacConaill, 2014).
Dactylorhiza
majalis is treated as Dactylorhiza
kerryensis (Western Marsh-orchid) and Listera
ovata is treated as Neottia
ovata (Common Twayblade) by Stace (2010).
Hosts in Great Britain and Ireland:
Orchidaceae |
|
|
|
|
Listera |
ovata |
Common
Twayblade |
 |
Brian
Pitkin (pers. observation) |
Listera |
ovata |
Common
Twayblade |
 |
John
Winterbottom (pers. comm.) |
Hosts
elsewhere:
Orchidaceae |
|
|
|
|
Cephalanthera |
|
|
|
Hering,
1957 |
Cephalanthera |
damasonium |
White
Helleborine |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa, as Americina vittata |
Cephalanthera |
rubra |
Red
Helleborine |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa, as Americina vittata |
Cypripedium |
|
|
|
Hering,
1957 |
Cypripedium |
parviflorum var. pubescens |
|
|
Light & MacConaill, 2014 |
Cypripedium |
reginae |
|
|
Light & MacConaill, 2014 |
Dactylorhiza |
maculata |
Heath
Spotted-orchid |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa, as Americina vittata |
Dactylorhiza |
majalis |
Western
Marsh-orchid |
|
Bladmineerders van Europa, as Americina vittata |
Epipactis |
|
|
|
Hering,
1957 |
Epipactis |
helleborine
|
Broad-leaved
Helleborine |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa, as Americina vittata |
Epipactis |
helleborine |
Broad-leaved
Helleborine |
|
Light & MacConaill, 2014 |
Epipactis |
palustris |
Marsh
Helleborine |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa, as Americina vittata |
Gymnadenia |
|
|
|
Hering,
1957 |
Gymnadenia |
conopsea |
Fragrant
Orchid |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa, as Americina vittata |
Listera |
|
|
|
Hering,
1957 |
Listera |
ovata |
Common
Twayblade |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa, as Americina vittata |
Ophrys |
|
|
|
Hering,
1957 |
Orchis |
|
|
|
Hering,
1957 |
Orchis |
mascula
|
Early-purple
Orchid |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa, as Americina vittata |
Orchis |
purpurea |
Lady
Orchid |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa, as Americina vittata |
Time
of year - mines:
May
Time
of year - adults: Currently unknown.
Distribution
in Great Britain and Ireland:
Widespread, but not common, in Britain including East Cornwall, East Kent, East Ross, Glamorgan, Herefordshire,
Huntingdonshire North Ebudes, Warwickshire and West SUtherland (NBN
Atlas). Also known from Dorset.
Also
recorded in the Republic of Ireland (Michelsen in Fauna Europaea). Distribution
elsewhere: Widespread in Europe including The Netherlands and
Luxembourg (Bladmineerders van Europa); Belgium (Gosseries,
1991b), Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, French mainland,
Germany, Hungary, Lithuania, Norwegian mainland, Poland, Russia
- North, Slovakia, Spanish mainland, Sweden and Switzerland (Michelsen in Fauna Europaea) (Note records include Paralleloma
paridis).
Also
recorded in the Nearctic Region (Michelsen in Fauna Europaea. NBN Atlas links to known host species:
Cephalanthera
damasonium, Cephalanthera
rubra, Convallaria
majalis, Dactylorhiza
maculata, Dactylorhiza
majalis (= Dactylorhiza
kerryensis), Epipactis
helleborine, Epipactis
palustris, Gymnadenia
conopsea, Listera
ovata (= Neottia
ovata), Maianthemum
bifolium, Orchis
purpurea
|
British and Irish Parasitoids in Britain and elsewhere:
|