Comments: Sifner (1978) synonymised Parallelomma paridis (and
other species) with Paralellomma vittatum. According to Chandler
(pers. comm., following Collin, who separated the adults on colour) Parallelomma paridis is a good species (on Liliaceae) and Paralellomma vittatum is only on Orchidaceae.
Leaf-miner: Large
blotch with a group of some larvae. At the start of the mine a group
of elliptic egg shells.
Forms large blotch mines (as shown). The larval development is rapid (taking only 13 days). The pupariul stage then lasts for around 348 days, with adults emerging in May and June (British leafminers).
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Mine
of Paralleloma paridis on Paris quadrifolia
Image: © Brian Pitkin |
Larva: The larvae of flies are leg-less maggots without a head capsule (see examples). They never have thoracic or abdominal legs. They do not have chewing mouthparts, although they do have a characteristic cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton (see examples), usually visible internally through the body wall.
Puparium: The puparia of flies are formed within the hardened last larval skin or puparium and as a result sheaths enclosing head appendages, wings and legs are not visible externally (see examples).
Hosts in Great Britain and Ireland:
Hosts
elsewhere:
Liliaceae |
|
|
|
|
Convallaria |
|
|
|
Hering,
1957, as paridis |
Convallaria |
majalis
|
Lily-of-the-valley
|
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa, as Americina vittata |
Maianthemum |
|
|
|
Hering,
1957, as paridis |
Maianthemum |
bifolium
|
May
Lily |
|
Bladmineerders van Europa, as Americina vittata |
Paris |
|
|
|
Hering,
1957, as paridis and vittatum |
Paris |
quadrifolia
|
Herb-paris
|
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa,
as Americina vittata
|
Plantanthera |
|
|
|
Hering,
1957, as paridis |
Plantanthera |
bifolia |
|
|
Bladmineerders van Europa, as Americina vittata |
Plantanthera |
chlorantha |
|
|
Bladmineerders van Europa, as Americina vittata |
Polygonatum |
|
|
|
Hering,
1957, as paridis |
Polygonatum |
multiflorum
|
Solomon's-seal
|
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa, as Americina vittata |
Polygonatum |
odoratum
|
Angular
Solomon's-seal |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa, as Americina vittata |
Polygonatum |
verticillatum |
Whorled
Solomon's-seal |
|
Bladmineerders van Europa, as Americina vittata |
Time
of year - mines:
April to May (British
leafminers).
Time
of year - adults: Currently unknown.
Distribution
in Great Britain and Ireland: Widespread in Britain including Berkshire,
Cambridgeshire, Gloucestershire, Yorkshire, Cumberland, Stirlingshire,
Perthshire and Forfar (British
leafminers) and Hampshire (The Warren, Hawkley (pers. obs.);
Cmabridgeshire, Edinburgh, Glamorgan, Mid-west Yorkshire, Shropshire and West Gloucestershire (NBN
Atlas); Surrey (Brian Pitkin, personal, observation); Guernsey, Channel Is. (Mark Wilson, via Facebook Group). Distribution
elsewhere: Widespread in continental Europe including Belgium,
Czech Republic, Danish mainland, Estonia, French mainland, Germany,
Hungary, Lithuania, Norwegian mainland, Poland, Russia (North),
Slovakia, Spanish mainland, Sweden, Switzerland. Also recorded from
the Nearctic region (Michelsen in Fauna Europaea, as Parallelomma vittatum).
NBN Atlas links to known host species:
British and Irish Parasitoids in Britain and elsewhere:
Currently unknown.
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