Liriomyza
congesta (Becker, 1903) [Diptera:
Agromyzidae]
Broad
bean, bean and pea leaf-miner
Agromyza
congesta Becker, 1903. Mitt. zool. Mus. Berl. 2(3):
190
Liriomyza minima Hendel, 1931. Fliegen palaearkt. Reg.
6(2): 233. [Synonymised by Spencer, 1976: 241]
Liromyza parva Hendel, 1931. Fliegen palaearkt. Reg.
6(2): 249. [Synonymised by Spencer, 1976: 241.]
Liriomyza centaureana Hering 1936. Dt. ent. Z. (N.F.)
9(1-2): 75. [Synonymised by Spencer, 1976: 241.]
Liriomyza nigripleura Rydén, 1956. Opusc. ent.
21: 195. [Synonymised by Spencer, 1976: 241.]
Liriomyza congesta (Becker, 1903); Spencer, 1972b. Handbk
ident. Br. Ins. 10(5g): 57, 58, 117, 118
Liriomyza congesta (Becker, 1903); Spencer, 1973a. Agromyzidae
(Diptera) of Economic Importance. Series Ent. 9: 94
Liriomyza congesta (Becker, 1903); Spencer, 1976. Fauna
ent. Scand. 5(1): 241-2, figs 417-9.
Liriomyza congesta (Becker, 1903); Spencer, 1990. Host
specialization in the World Agromyzidae (Diptera) : 108, 111,
112, 113, 125, 127, 130 (figs 479-80), 131, 133, 139.
|
Leaf-miner: Corridor leaf-mine in leaves. An upper surface linear mine
with frass in conspicuous greenish strips, largely alternating at
each side of the channel (Spencer,
1976: 241).
Upper-surface,
unbranched corridor, relatively broad from the start on, but only
weakly widening subsequently. The fresh mine is bright green, but
turns whitish, later brown, quickly. Frass in a wide green band
in the centre of the corridor, with small black granules at either
side. Pupation outside the mine (Bladmineerders van Europa).
Forms
an upper surface mine, with the frass in a green strips (British
leafminers).
Larva: The larvae of flies are leg-less maggots without a head capsule (see examples). They never have thoracic or abdominal legs. They do not have chewing mouthparts, although they do have a characteristic cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton (see examples), usually visible internally through the body wall.
The larva is yellow (British
leafminers) The larva is described by de Meijere (1925)
and Sasakawa (1961, as trifolii) and illustrated in Bladmineerders van Europa.
Puparium: The puparia of flies are formed within the hardened last larval skin or puparium and as a result sheaths enclosing head appendages, wings and legs are not visible externally (see examples).
Yellow; posterior spiracles each with 3 bulbs (Spencer,
1976: 241). The puparium is illustrated in Bladmineerders van Europa.
Hosts in Great Britain and Ireland:
Fabaceae |
|
|
|
|
Anthyllis |
|
|
|
Robbins,
1989: 22 |
Anthyllis |
vulneraria |
Kidney
Vetch |
 |
Pitkin & Plant |
Astragalus |
glycyphyllos |
Wild
Liquorice |
 |
British
leafminers |
Colutea |
arborescens
|
Bladder-senna |
|
Mines
in BMNH |
Galega |
|
|
|
Mines
in BMNH |
Galega |
officinalis
|
Goat's
Rue |
 |
Mines
in BMNH |
Galega |
officinalis
|
Goat's
Rue |
 |
Robbins,
1991: App. 2 |
Galega |
officinalis
|
Goat's
Rue |
 |
Spencer, 1972b: 117 |
Lathyrus |
|
|
|
British
leafminers |
Lathyrus |
|
|
|
Robbins,
1989: 22 |
Lathyrus |
|
|
|
Spencer, 1972b: 47 |
Lathyrus |
japonicus
|
Sea
Pea |
 |
Mines
in BMNH |
Lathyrus |
montanus
|
Bitter-vetch |
|
Spencer, 1972b: 117 |
Lathyrus |
odoratus
|
Sweet
Pea |
|
Robbins,
1991: 47 |
Lathyrus |
pratensis
|
Meadow
Vetchling |
 |
Mines
in BMNH |
Lathyrus |
pratensis
|
Meadow
Vetchling |
 |
Robbins,
1991: 47 |
Lathyrus |
pratensis
|
Meadow
Vetchling |
 |
Spencer, 1972b: 117 |
Lotus |
corniculatus |
Common
Bird's-foot-trefoil |
 |
Robert
Homan (pers. comm.) |
Lotus |
corniculatus |
Common
Bird's-foot-trefoil |
 |
British
leafminers |
Lotus |
tenuis |
Narrow-leaved Bird's-foot-trefoil |
 |
Langmaid, Sattler and Vaamonde, 2010 |
Medicago |
|
|
|
Robbins,
1991: 44 |
Medicago |
|
|
|
British
leafminers |
Medicago |
lupulina
|
Black
Medick |
 |
Mines
in BMNH |
Medicago |
lupulina
|
Black
Medick |
 |
Robbins,
1989: 22 |
Medicago |
sativa
|
Lucerne |
 |
Mines
in BMNH |
Medicago |
sativa
|
Lucerne |
 |
Spencer, 1972b: 117 |
Melilotus |
|
|
|
Mines
in BMNH |
Melilotus |
|
|
|
Robbins,
1991: 44 |
Melilotus |
officinalis
|
Ribbed
Melilot |
 |
Mines
in BMNH |
Melilotus |
officinalis
|
Ribbed
Melilot |
 |
Spencer, 1972b: 117 |
Pisum |
|
|
|
Robbins,
1983: 24 |
Pisum |
|
|
|
British
leafminers |
Pisum |
sativum
|
Garden
Pea |
|
Mines
in BMNH |
?
Pisum
|
sativum
|
Garden
Pea |
|
Robbins,
1989: 22 |
Pisum |
sativum
|
Garden
Pea |
|
Spencer, 1972b: 117 |
Trifolium |
|
|
|
Robbins,
1991: 44 |
Trifolium |
pratense
|
Red
Clover |
 |
Mines
in BMNH |
Trifolium |
pratense
|
Red
Clover |
 |
Robbins,
1989: 22 |
Trifolium |
repens
|
White
Clover |
 |
Mines
in BMNH |
Trifolium |
repens
|
White
Clover |
 |
Spencer, 1972b: 118 |
Vicia |
|
|
|
British
leafminers |
Vicia |
|
|
|
Spencer, 1972b: 118 |
Vicia |
benghalensis
|
Purple
Vetch |
|
Mines
in BMNH |
Vicia |
cracca
|
Tufted
Vetch |
 |
Mines
in BMNH |
Vicia |
cracca
|
Tufted
Vetch |
 |
Spencer, 1972b: 118 |
Vicia |
faba
|
Broad
Bean |
 |
Mines
in BMNH |
Vicia |
faba
|
Broad
Bean |
 |
Robbins,
1991: 47 |
Vicia |
faba
|
Broad
Bean |
 |
Spencer, 1972b: 118 |
Vicia |
sativa
|
Common
Vetch |
 |
Mines
in BMNH |
?
Vicia
|
sativa
|
Common
Vetch |
 |
Robbins,
1989: 22 |
Vicia |
sepium
|
Bush
Vetch |
 |
Mines
in BMNH |
Vicia |
sepium
|
Bush
Vetch |
 |
Spencer, 1972b; 118 |
Hosts
elsewhere:
Fabaceae |
|
|
|
|
Anthyllis |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 112 |
Anthyllis |
vulneraria |
Kidney
Vetch |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Astragalus |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 112 |
Astragalus |
cicer |
Chick-pea
Milk-vetch |
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Astragalus |
danicus |
Purple
Milk-vetch |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Astragalus |
glycyphyllos |
Wild
Liquorice |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Caragana |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 112 |
Caragana |
arborescens |
Siberian
Pea-tree |
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Cicer |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 112 |
Colutea |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 111 |
Colutea |
arborescens
|
Bladder-senna |
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Coronilla |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 112 |
Coronilla |
emeroides |
|
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Coronilla |
emerus |
Scorpion
Senna |
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Coronilla |
varia |
|
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Galega |
bicolor |
|
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Galega |
officinalis |
Goat's
Rue |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Glycine
|
max |
Soya-bean |
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Glycyrrhiza |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 112 |
Glycyrrhiza |
|
|
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Hippocrepis |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 112 |
Hippocrepis |
comosa |
Horseshoe
Vetch |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Hymenocarpos |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 112 |
Lathyrus |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1976: 241 |
Lathyrus |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 112 |
Lathyrus |
angulatus |
Angular
Pea |
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Lathyrus |
aphaca |
Yellow
Vetchling |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Lathyrus |
tingitanus |
Tangier
Pea |
|
Bladmineerders van Europa, as Lathyrus tingitanus
|
Lathyrus |
maritimus |
|
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Lathyrus |
montanus |
Bitter-vetch |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Lathyrus |
niger |
Black
Pea |
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Lathyrus |
odoratus
|
Sweet
Pea |
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Lathyrus |
pisiformis |
|
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Lathyrus |
pratensis
|
Meadow
Vetchling |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Lathyrus |
sylvestris |
Narrow-leaved
Everlasting-pea |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Lathyrus |
tuberosus |
Tuberous
Pea |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Lens |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 112 |
Lens |
culinaris |
Lentil |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Lotus |
corniculatus |
Common
Bird's-foot-trefoil |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Lotus |
ornithopodioides |
Southern
Bird's-foot-trefoil |
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Lotus |
pedunculatus |
Greater
Bird's-foot-trefoil |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa, as Lotus uliginosus |
Lupinus |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 113 |
Lupinus |
elegans |
|
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Lupinus |
luteus |
Annual
Yellow-lupin |
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Lupinus |
reticulatus |
|
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Lupinus |
succulentus |
Bigleaf
lupine |
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Medicago
|
|
|
|
Spencer,
1976: 241 |
Medicago |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 112 |
Medicago |
arabica |
Spotted
Medick |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa, as Medicago maculata
|
Medicago |
echinus |
|
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Medicago |
lupulina
|
Black
Medick |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Medicago |
minima |
Bur
Medick |
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Medicago |
sativa
|
Lucerne |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Medicago |
truncatula |
Strong-spined
Medick |
|
Bladmineerders van Europa, as Medicago tribuloides
|
Medicago |
sativa
subsp. varia |
|
|
Bladmineerders van Europa, as Medicao x varia
|
Melilotus |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 112 |
Melilotus |
albus
|
White
Melilot |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Melilotus |
officinalis |
Ribbed
Melilot |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Onobrychis |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 112 |
Onobrychis |
viciifolia |
Sainfoin |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Ononis |
|
|
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Ononis |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 112 |
Ornithopus |
|
|
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Ornithopus |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 112 |
Oxytropis |
|
|
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Phaseolus |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 111 |
Phaseolus |
coccineus |
Runner
Bean |
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Phaseolus |
vulgaris
|
French
Bean |
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Pisum |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1976: 241 |
Pisum |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 112 |
Pisum |
sativum
|
Garden
Pea |
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Scorpiurus |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 112 |
Securigera |
securidaca |
Hatchet
Vetch |
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Trifolium |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 112 |
Trifolium |
arvense |
Hare's-foot
Clover |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Trifolium |
aureum |
Large
Trefoil |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Trifolium |
campestre |
Hop
Trefoil |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Trifolium |
fragiferum |
Strawberry
Clover |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Trifolium |
hybridum |
Alsike
Clover |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Trifolium |
incarnatum |
Crimson
Clover |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Trifolium |
minus |
|
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Trifolium |
pratense |
Red
Clover |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Trifolium |
repens |
White
Clover |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Trifolium |
stellatum |
Starry
Clover |
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Trigonella |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 112 |
Vicia |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1976: 241 |
Vicia |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 112 |
Vicia |
cracca
|
Tufted
Vetch |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Vicia |
faba
|
Broad
Bean |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Vicia |
grandiflora |
|
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Vicia |
hirsuta |
Hairy
Tare |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Vicia |
sativa
|
Common
Vetch |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Vicia |
sativa
subsp. nigra |
Narrow-leaved
Vetch |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa, as Vicia angustifolia
|
Vicia |
sepium
|
Bush
Vetch |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Vicia |
sylvatica |
Wood
Vetch |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Time
of year - mines: June-October. Several generations occur from
early summer to late autumn.
Time
of year - adults: May.
Distribution
in Great Britain and Ireland: Widespread in Britain (Spencer, 1972b: 58) including Warwickshire (Keresley) (Robbins,
1991: 44), Cambridgeshire (Stretham) (British
leafminers) and East Perthshire (Glen Fender Meadows) (Bland,
1994c: 82); Cambridgeshire, East Suffolk, Glamorgan, North Essex, Nottinghamshire, Pembrokeshire, South-west Yorkshire and West Gloucestershire (NBN
Atlas).
Also
recorded in the Republic of Ireland: Co. Clare (Spencer, 1972b: 58). Distribution
elsewhere: Widespread and common throughout most of Europe including
Finland, Norway, Sweden (Spencer,
1976: 241), The Netherlands, Luxembourg (Bladmineerders van Europa), Belgium (de
Bruyn and von Tschirnhaus, 1991), Germany (Spencer,
1976: 558), Albania, Austria, Canary Is., Corsica, Czech Republic,
Estonia, European Turkey, French mainland, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania,
Malta, Poland, Republic of Moldova, Romania, Sardinia, Slovakia,
Spanish mainland, Switzerland and Yugoslavia (Fauna Europaea). (NBN
Atlas).
NBN Atlas links to known host species:
Anthyllis
vulneraria, Astragalus
cicer, Astragalus
danicus, Caragana
arborescens, Colutea
arborescens, Coronilla
emerus, Galega
officinalis, Glycine
max, Hippocrepis
comosa, Lathyrus
aphaca, Lathyrus
japonicus, Lathyrus
montanus, Lathyrus
niger, Lathyrus
odoratus, Lathyrus
pratensis, Lathyrus
tingitanus, Lathyrus
tuberosus, Lens
culinaris, Lotus
corniculatus, Lotus
pedunculatus, Lupinus
luteus, Medicago
arabica, Medicago
lupulina, Medicago
minima, Medicago
sativa, Medicago
sativa subsp. varia (= Medicago
sativa nothossp. varia), Medicago
truncatula, Melilotus
albus, Melilotus
officinalis, Phaseolus
coccineus, Phaseolus
vulgaris, Pisum
sativum, Trifolium
arvense, Trifolium
aureum, Trifolium
campestre, Trifolium
fragiferum, Trifolium
hybridum, Trifolium
incarnatum, Trifolium
pratense, Trifolium
repens, Trifolium
stellatum, Vicia
benghalensis, Vicia
cracca, Vicia
faba, Vicia
sativa, Vicia
sativa subsp. nigra, Vicia
sepium, Vicia
sylvatica
|
British and Irish Parasitoids in Britain and elsewhere:
Chalcidoidea |
|
Chrysocharis
liriomyzae Delucchi, 1954 |
Eulophidae: Entedoninae |
Chrysocharis
orbicularis (Nees, 1834) |
Eulophidae: Entedoninae |
Chrysocharis
pubicornis (Zetterstedt, 1838) |
Eulophidae: Entedoninae |
Chrysocharis
viridis (Nees, 1934) |
Eulophidae: Entedoninae |
Diglyphus
isaea (Walker, 1838) |
Eulophidae: Eulophinae |
Asaphes
suspensus (Nees, 1834) |
Pteromalidae: Asaphinae |
alticoptera
aenea (Walker, 1833) |
Pteromalidae: Miscogastrinae |
Halticoptera
circulus (Walker, 1833) |
Pteromalidae: Miscogastrinae |
Halticoptera
patellana (Dalman, 1818) |
Pteromalidae: Miscogastrinae |
Miscogaster
hortensis Walker, 1833 |
Pteromalidae: Miscogastrinae |
Miscogaster
maculata Walker, 1833 |
Pteromalidae: Miscogastrinae |
Ichneumonoidea - Links to species no longer available |
|
Chorebus
misellus (Marshall, 1895) |
Braconidae: Alysiinae |
Dacnusa
maculipes Thomson, 1895 |
Braconidae: Alysiinae |
Exotela melanocera (Thomson, 1895) |
Braconidae: Alysiinae |
Heterolexis
balteata (Thomson, 1895) |
Braconidae: Alysiinae |
Townsilitus
aemulus (Haliday, 1837) |
Braconidae: Euphorinae |
Apodesmia aemula (Haliday, 1836) |
Braconidae: Opiinae |
Opius
levis Wesmael, 1835 |
Braconidae: Opiinae |
Opius
lugens Haliday, 1837 |
Braconidae: Opiinae |
Opius
pendulus Haliday, 1837 |
Braconidae: Opiinae |
Opius pulchriceps (Szépligeti, 1898) |
Braconidae: Opiinae |
Opius pygmaeator (Nees, 1811) |
Braconidae: Opiinae |
Phaedrotoma exigua Wesmael, 1835 |
Braconidae: Opiinae |
Phaedrotoma pulchriceps (Szépligeti, 1898) |
Braconidae: Opiinae |
|