Leaf-miner:
Broad mine of variable depth. Frass spread irregularly. Pupation
usually internal, seldom external (Bladmineerders van Europa).
Larva: The larvae of flies are leg-less maggots without a head capsule (see examples). They never have thoracic or abdominal legs. They do not have chewing mouthparts, although they do have a characteristic cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton (see examples), usually visible internally through the body wall.
The larva is described Hering (1962); anterior spiracles each with
2 bulbs (Bladmineerders van Europa).
Puparium: The puparia of flies are formed within the hardened last larval skin or puparium and as a result sheaths enclosing head appendages, wings and legs are not visible externally (see examples).
Comments:
Irwin and Chandler in Chandler
(1978) did not indicate whether their host records were British
or Foreign and are therefore tentatively included under 'Hosts in
Britain' and 'Hosts elsewhere'.
Hosts in Great Britain and Ireland:
Hosts
elsewhere:
Chenopodiaceae |
|
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|
|
?
Atriplex
|
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Irwin
and Chandler in Chandler,
1978: 224 and as Halimione |
Atriplex |
|
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|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Atriplex |
|
|
|
Hering,
1957 |
?
Beta |
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|
Irwin
and Chandler in Chandler,
1978: 224 |
Beta |
|
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|
Hering,
1957 |
Beta |
vulgaris
subsp. maritima |
Sea
Beet |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa, as Beta maritima |
Obione |
|
|
|
Hering,
1957 |
?
Salicornia |
|
|
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Irwin
and Chandler in Chandler,
1978: 224 |
Salicornia |
|
|
|
Hering,
1957 |
Salicornia |
europaea
|
Common
Glasswort |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
?
Spergularia |
|
|
|
Irwin
and Chandler in Chandler,
1978: 224 |
?
Suaeda |
|
|
|
Irwin
and Chandler in Chandler,
1978: 224 |
Suaeda |
|
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|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Suaeda |
|
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|
Hering,
1957 |
Time
of year - mines:
May-September (Hering, 1957).
Time
of year - adults: Currently unknown.
Distribution
in Great Britain and Ireland: Recorded in Britain by Irwin
(1978: 224) including Essex
(Essex
Field Club), East Kent, East Suffolk, Glamorgan, Montgomeryshire, North Essex, North Lincolnshire,
Pembrokeshire, South Essex and West norfolk (NBN
Atlas).
Also
recorded in the Republic of Ireland (Zatwarnicki, 2004 in Fauna Europaea). Distribution
elsewhere: Widespread in continental Europe including Germany (Hollmann-Schirrmacher
and Zatwarnicki, 1999), Belgium (Gosseries,
1991d), Austria, Bulgaria, Canary Is., Corsica, Crete, Croatia,
French mainland, Hungary, Italian mainland, Poland, Romania, Sicily,
Slovakia, Spanish mainland (Zatwarnicki, 2004 in Fauna Europaea).
Also
recorded in North Africa (Zatwarnicki, 2004 in Fauna Europaea). NBN Atlas links to known host species:
British and Irish Parasitoids in Britain and elsewhere: Currently unknown.
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