Phytomyza
fuscula Zetterstedt, 1838. Insecta Lapp. : 794
Phytomyza fuscula Zetterstedt, 1838; Zetterstedt, 1848.
Diptera Scandinaviae. 7: 2831
Phytomyza avenae de Meijere, 1926. Tijdschr. Ent.
69: 251
Phytomyza fuscula Zetterstedt, 1838; Hendel, 1935. Fliegen
palaearkt. Reg. 6(2): 407
Phytomyza fuscula Zetterstedt, 1838; Spencer, 1976. Fauna
ent. Scand. 5(1): 421-23, figs 733-6
Chromatomyia fuscula (Zetterstedt, 1838); Spencer, 1990.
Host specialization in the World Agromyzidae (Diptera)
: 354, 355, 356, 377, 378 (fig. 1436), 379
Chromatomyia fuscula (Zetterstedt, 1838); Bland, 2002.
Dipterists Digest 7(2): 101 - 102.
Phytomyza fuscula Zetterstedt, 1838; Winkler
et al. 2009. Syst. ent. 34: 260-292.
|
Leaf-miner:
Narrow whitish mine, with frass in distinct black lumps. Pupation
internal (Spencer, 1976:
422).
Whitish,
upper-surface, descending corridor, about halfway up the blade.
Frass in distinct black grains that are lying further apart than
their diameter. Pupation in the mine (Bladmineerders van Europa).
Larva: The larvae of flies are leg-less maggots without a head capsule (see examples). They never have thoracic or abdominal legs. They do not have chewing mouthparts, although they do have a characteristic cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton (see examples), usually visible internally through the body wall. The larvae lie on their sides within the mine and use their pick-like mouthparts to feed on plant tissue.
Anterior spiracles with 18-20, posterior spiracles with 8 bulbs; both are fist-shaped. (The posterior spiracles isn't dagger-shaped, like in Ch. milii).
Puparium: The puparia of flies are formed within the hardened last larval skin or puparium and as a result sheaths enclosing head appendages, wings and legs are not visible externally (see examples).
Pale yellowish with darker markings; posterior spiracles each with
4-6, rarely 10 bulbs (Spencer,
1976: 422).
The orange-brown puparium can easily be discriminated from that of Ch. nigra because the ventral surface has a broad dark length zone (Bladmineerders van Europa).
Comments:
The life-cycle is described by Andersen (1991).
Hosts in Great Britain and Ireland:
Hosts
elsewhere:
Poaceae |
|
|
|
|
Alopecurus |
pratensis |
Meadow
Foxtail |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Alopecurus |
pratensis |
Meadow
Foxtail |
 |
Spencer,
1990: 354 |
Anthoxanthum |
odoratum |
Sweet
Vernal-grass |
 |
Bland,
2002b: 101 |
Arrhenatherum |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 354 |
Arrhenatherum |
elatius
|
False
Oat-grass |
 |
Spencer,
1976: 422 |
Arrhenatherum |
elatius |
False
Oat-grass |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Avena |
sativa
|
Oat |
|
Spencer,
1976: 422 |
Avena |
sativa
|
Oat |
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Avenula |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 354 |
Beckmannia |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 354 |
Bromus |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 355 |
Bromus |
erectus |
Upright
Brome |
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Cinna |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 354 |
Dactylis |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 355 |
Dactylis |
glomerata |
Cock's-foot |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Deschampsia |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 354 |
Festuca |
|
|
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Holcus |
lanatus |
Yorkshire-fog |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Hordeum |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 356 |
Hordeum |
vulgare
|
Six-rowed
Barley |
|
Spencer,
1976: 422 |
Hordeum |
vulgare
|
Six-rowed
Barley |
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Lolium |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 355 |
Melica |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 355 |
Milium |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 356 |
Phalaris |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 355 |
Phleum |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 355 |
Phleum |
pratense |
Timothy |
 |
Spencer,
1976: 422 |
Phleum |
pratense
|
Timothy |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Poa |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 355 |
Poa |
|
|
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Secale |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 356 |
Secale |
cereale
|
Rye |
|
Spencer,
1976: 422 |
Secale |
cereale
|
Rye |
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Sesleria |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 356 |
Trisetum |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 355 |
Triticum |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 356 |
Triticum |
aestivum |
Bread
Wheat |
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Time
of year - mines:
April-September (Bladmineerders van Europa).
Time
of year - adults: Currently unknown.
Distribution
in Great Britain and Ireland: Perth (Kinnoul Hill and Fealar
Gorge); Angus (Glen Cova, The Scorrie); Fife (Kinkell Braes) (Bland,
2002). Nottinghamshire (NBN
Atlas). Distribution elsewhere: Widespread in continental Europe including Denmark,
Finland, Norway, Sweden (Spencer,
1976: 422), Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Italian mainland,
Poland, Slovakia, The Netherlands and Yugoslavia (Fauna Europaea).
Also
recorded in Canada (Spencer,
1976: 422). NBN Atlas links to known host species:
Alopecurus
pratensis, Anthoxanthum
odoratum, Arrhenatherum
elatius, Avena
sativa, Bromus
erectus, Dactylis
glomerata, Holcus
lanatus, Hordeum
vulgare, Phleum
pratense, Secale
cereale, Triticum
aestivum
|
British and Irish Parasitoids in Britain and elsewhere:
Chalcidoidea |
|
Chrysocharis
orbicularis (Nees, 1834) |
Eulophidae: Entedoninae |
Chrysocharis
pallipes (Nees, 1834) |
Eulophidae: Entedoninae |
Chrysocharis
pentheus (Walker, 1839) |
Eulophidae: Entedoninae |
Chrysocharis
polyzo (Walker, 1839) |
Eulophidae: Entedoninae |
Chrysocharis
pubicornis (Zetterstedt, 1838) |
Eulophidae: Entedoninae |
Neochrysocharis
aratus (Walker, 1838) |
Eulophidae: Entedoninae |
Neochrysocharis formosus (Westwood, 1833) |
Eulophidae: Entedoninae |
Pediobius
metallicus (Nees, 1834) |
Eulophidae: Entedoninae |
Cirrospilus
vittatus Walker, 1838 |
Eulophidae: Eulophinae |
Diglyphus
chabrias (Walker, 1838) |
Eulophidae: Eulophinae |
Diglyphus
isaea (Walker, 1838) |
Eulophidae: Eulophinae |
Diglyphus
minoeus (Walker, 1838) |
Eulophidae: Eulophinae |
Hemiptarsenus
ornatus (Nees, 1834) |
Eulophidae: Eulophinae |
Hemiptarsenus
unguicellus (Zetterstedt, 1838) |
Eulophidae: Eulophinae |
Pnigalio
soemius (Walker, 1839) |
Eulophidae: Eulophinae |
Cyrtogaster
vulgaris Walker, 1833 |
Pteromalidae: Pteromalinae |
Halticoptera
circulus (Walker, 1833) |
Pteromalidae: Miscogastrinae |
Ichneumonoidea - Links to species no longer available |
|
Dacnusa
maculipes Thomson, 1895 |
Braconidae: Alysiinae |
|