Agromyza
nigrescens Hendel, 1920. Arch. Nautrgesch. 84A(7)(1918):
117
Agromyza heringi de Meijere, 1925. Tijdschr. Ent.
68: 220
Agromyza nigrescens Hendel, 1920; Hendel, 1931. Fliegen
palaearkt. Reg. 6(2): 134
Agromyza nigrescens Hendel, 1920; Spencer, 1972b. Handbk
ident. Br. Ins. 10(5g): 41, 116
Agromyza nigrescens Hendel, 1920; Spencer, 1976. Fauna
ent. Scand. 5(1): 127-8, figs 114, 219-221.
Agromyza nigrescens Hendel, 1920; Spencer, 1990. Host
specialization in the world Agromyzidae (Diptera) : 151 (figs
568-9), 152, 157, 178, 398.
|
Leaf-miner: An
initially narrow linear mine which after the first moult widens
into large linear or irregular blotch; frass in distinct rows in
the early linear section, later more scattered (Spencer,
1976: 128-9, fig. 221).
The
mine is described by Hering (1957a) as follows: Upper-surface mine.
The start is corridor-like and generally follows the leaf margin.
Further on the mine widens considerably, forms a secondary blotch
and gets irregular sides that are deeply eaten out. Primary and
secondary feeding lines clearly visible. Frass mostly in large clumps.
Pupation outside the mine. The mine only rarely occurs in Geranium
robertianum; the frass then is fine-grained and the mines are
smaller. Hering didn't think it impossible the the miners of Geranium
robertianum and the other Geranium species might be a
different species. Dutch material might form a different third species
(Bladmineerders van Europa).
The first instar larva makes an initial corridor, with frass in two lines. Then a large irregular blotch is formed (British
leafminers).
Larva: The larvae of flies are leg-less maggots without a head capsule (see examples). They never have thoracic or abdominal legs. They do not have chewing mouthparts, although they do have a characteristic cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton (see examples), usually visible internally through the body wall.
The larva is illustrated in Bladmineerders van Europa.
Puparium: The puparia of flies are formed within the hardened last larval skin or puparium and as a result sheaths enclosing head appendages, wings and legs are not visible externally (see examples).
Reddish-brown; posterior spiracles each with 3 bulbs (Spencer,
1976: 128). The puparium is illustrated in Bladmineerders van Europa.
Hosts in Great Britain and Ireland:
Hosts
elsewhere:
Hosts
elsewhere:
Fabaceae |
|
|
|
|
Anthyllis |
|
|
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Anthyllis |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 112 |
Lotus |
ornithopodioides |
|
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Medicago |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 112 |
Medicago |
lupulina
|
Black
Medick |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Medicago |
minima |
Bur
Medick |
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Medicago |
polymorpha |
Toothed
Medick |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Medicago |
sativa
|
Lucerne |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Medicago |
sativa
|
Lucerne |
 |
Spencer,
1976: 126 |
Medicago |
sativa
subsp. falcata |
Sickle
Medick |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Medicago |
trunculata |
Strong-spined
Medick |
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Melilotus |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1976: 126 |
Melilotus |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 112 |
Melilotus |
albus
|
White
Melilot |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Melilotus |
albus
|
White
Melilot |
 |
Mines
in BMNH |
Melilotus |
altissimus
|
Tall
Melilot |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Melilotus |
messanensis |
|
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Melilotus |
officinalis
|
Ribbed
Melilot |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Onobrychis |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 112 |
Onobrychis |
viciifolia |
Sainfoin |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Securigera |
securidaca |
Hatchet
Vetch |
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Trifolium |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1976: 126 |
Trifolium |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 112 |
Trifolium |
alpestre |
|
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Trifolium |
fragiferum
|
Strawberry
Clover |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Trifolium |
hybridum |
Alsike
Clover |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Trifolium |
incarnatum |
Crimson
Clover |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Trifolium |
medium |
Zigzag
Clover |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Trifolium |
montanum |
|
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Trifolium |
ochroleucon |
Sulphur
Clover |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Trifolium |
pratense
|
Red
Clover |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Trifolium |
repens
|
White
Clover |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Trifolium |
stellatum |
Starry
Clover |
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Trigonella |
|
|
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Trigonella |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 112 |
Vicia |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 112 |
Vicia |
cracca
|
Tufted
Vetch |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Vicia |
dumetorum |
|
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Vicia |
hirsuta |
Hairy
Tare |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Vicia |
sativa
|
Common
Vetch |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Vicia |
sylvatica |
Wood
Vetch |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Time
of year - mines: Bivoltine: summer and early autumn (British
leafminers).
Time
of year - adults: Currently unknown.
Distribution
in Great Britain and Ireland: Common and widely distributed
in England, also recorded from Inverness (Nethy Bridge), Perth (Killin),
Skye (nr Armadale) (Spencer, 1972b: 41), the Inner Hebrides (Isle of Coll) (Bland,
1992), Rum (Bland in Whiteley, 1994), Warwickshire (Robbins,
1991: 43), Anglesey, Caernarvonshire, Cambridgeshire, Cardiganshire, Carmarthenshire, Dorset, East Kent, East Norfolk, East Ross, East Suffolk, Elgin, Flintshire, Glamorgan, Leicestershire,
Main Argyll, Merionethshire, Mid-west Yorkshire, Monmouthshire, Montgomeryshire, North Somerset, Nottinghamshire, Pembrokeshire, South Lancashire, South-west Yorkshire, Stafford and Surrey, West Lancashire and Westerness (NBN
Atlas); and Huntingdon (British
leafminers). Also
recorded in the Republic of Ireland: Co. Clare, Co. Kerry and Co.
Mayo (Spencer, 1972b: 41). Distribution
elsewhere: Widespread and common in continental Europe including
Denmark, Finland, Norway (Spencer,
1976: 125), The Netherlands, Luxembourg (Bladmineerders van Europa), Belgium (Scheirs,
de Bruyn and von Tschirnhaus, 1996), Germany (Spencer,
1976: 546), Canary Is., Czech Republic, Estonia, European Turkey,
French mainland, Hungary, Italian mainland, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta,
Republic of Moldova, Poland, Romania, Sardinia, Sicily, Slovakia,
Spanish mainland, Switzerland, Ukraine and Yugoslavia (Fauna Europaea).
Also
recorded in north Africa and northern India (Spencer,
1976: 125).
NBN Atlas links to known host species:
Medicago
lupulina, Medicago
minima, Medicago
sativa, Medicago
sativa subsp. falcata, Medicago
truncatula, Melilotus
albus, Melilotus
altissimus, Melilotus
messanensis, Melilotus
officinalis, Securigera
securidaca, Trifolium
fragiferum, Trifolium
medium, Trifolium
pratense, Trifolium
repens, Trifolium
stellatum, Vicia
cracca, Vicia
sativa |
British and Irish Parasitoids in Britain and elsewhere:
Chalcidoidea |
|
Chrysocharis
amyite (Walker, 1839) |
Eulophidae: Entedoninae |
Chrysocharis idyia (Walker, 1839) |
Eulophidae: Entedoninae |
Chrysocharis
liriomyzae Delucchi, 1954 |
Eulophidae: Entedoninae |
Chrysocharis
orbicularis (Nees, 1834) |
Eulophidae: Entedoninae |
Chrysocharis
pentheus (Walker, 1839) |
Eulophidae: Entedoninae |
Chrysocharis
polyzo (Walker, 1839) |
Eulophidae: Entedoninae |
Chrysocharis
pubicornis (Zetterstedt, 1838) |
Eulophidae: Entedoninae |
Closterocerus
lanassa (Walker, 1839) |
Eulophidae: Entedoninae |
Cirrospilus
vittatus Walker, 1838 |
Eulophidae: Eulophinae |
Diglyphus
isaea (Walker, 1838) |
Eulophidae: Eulophinae |
Pnigalio
pectinicornis (Linnaeus, 1758) |
Eulophidae: Eulophinae |
Miscogaster
hortensis Walker, 1833 |
Pteromalidae: Miscogastrinae |
Miscogaster
maculata Walker, 1833 |
Pteromalidae: Miscogastrinae |
Sphaeripalpus
fuscipes (Walker, 1833) |
Pteromalidae: Miscogastrinae |
Ichneumonoidea - Links to species no longer available |
|
Chorebus
flavipes (Goureau, 1851) |
Braconidae: Alysiinae |
Chorebus
misellus (Marshall, 1895) |
Braconidae: Alysiinae |
Coloneura
stylata Förster, 1862 |
Braconidae: Alysiinae |
Dacnusa
maculipes Thomson, 1895 |
Braconidae: Alysiinae |
Heterolexis
balteata (Thomson, 1895) |
Braconidae: Alysiinae |
Colastes
braconius Haliday, 1833 |
Braconidae: Exothecinae |
Eurytenes
maculipes Wesmael, 1835 |
Braconidae: Opiinae |
|