Larva: The larvae of beetles have a head capsule and chewing mouthparts with opposable mandibles and lack abdominal legs (see examples).
According to Cox (2007a) both S. rubidum and S. testaceum hibernate as larvae! (Bladmineerders van Europa)
Pupa: The pupae of beetles have visible head appendages, wings and legs which lie in sheaths (see examples).
Hosts in Great Britain and Ireland:
Asteraceae |
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Arctium |
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Dave Hubble, pers. comm. |
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Carduus |
pycnocephalus |
Plymouth Thistle |
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Dave Hubble, pers. comm. |
Carthamus |
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Dave Hubble, pers. comm. |
Centaurea |
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Dave Hubble, pers. comm. |
Cirsium |
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Dave Hubble, pers. comm. |
Cynara |
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Dave Hubble, pers. comm. |
Cynara |
cardunculus |
Cardoon |
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Dave Hubble, pers. comm. |
Onopordum |
acanthium |
Cotton Thistle |
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Dave Hubble, pers. comm. |
Serratula |
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Dave Hubble, pers. comm. |
Betulaceae |
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Corylus |
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Dave Hubble, pers. comm. |
Hosts
elsewhere:
Time
of year - larvae: Larvae in September-November or even later (Hering, 1957a).
Time
of year - adults: Currently unknown.
Distribution
in Great Britain and Ireland: Widespread in Britain including Anglesey, Bedfordshire, Caernarvonshire, Cambridgeshire, Cardiganshire, Carmarthenshire, Cheshire, Cumberland, Denbighshire, Derbyshire, Dorset, Dumfriesshire, Durham, East Gloucestershire, East Kent, East Norfolk, East Suffolk, East Sussex, Fife, Flintshire, Glamorgan, Herefordshire, Hertfordshire, Leicestershire, Linlithgow, Merionethshire, Monmouthshire, North Lincolnshire, North Somerset, North Wiltshire, North-east Yorkshire, Northamptonshire, Nottinghamshire, Pembrokeshire, Radnorshire, Shropshire, South Hampshire, South Lancashire, South Lincolshire, South Somerset, South-west Yorkshire, Stafford, Surrey, Warwickshire, West Cornwall, West Gloucestershire, West Kent, West Lancashire, West Norfolk, West Suffolk, West Sussex, Westmorland and Worcestershire (NBN
Atlas).
Also recorded in Ireland (InvertebrateIreland Online).
Distribution
elsewhere: Widespread in continental Europe including Albania, Austria, Balearic Is., Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Corsica, Crete, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Danish mainland, Dodecanese Is., European Turkey, French mainland, Germany, Greek mainland, Hungary, Italian mainland, Kaliningrad Region, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madeira, Malta, Republic of Moldova, Poland, Portuguese mainland, Romania, Russia - South, San Marino, Sardinia, Sicily, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spanish mainland, Sweden, Switzerland, The Netherlands, Ukraine and Yugoslavia (Audisio in Fauna Europaea).
NBN Atlas links to known host species:
British and Irish Parasitoids in Britain and elsewhere: Currently unknown.
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