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Lyonetia
clerkella (Linnaeus, 1758) Apple Leaf Miner Phalaena
clerkella
Linnaeus,
1758. Syst. Nat. (ed. 10): 542. |
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Leaf-miner: A long, whitish smoothly-curved upper-surface mine with broken black frass (British leafminers). Oviposition is by means of an ovipositor; what remains is a small scar: no egg shell is visible at the start of the mine. From here a long, sometimes very long, slender, full depth corridor winds throught the leaf, not steered by leaf margin or the leaf venation. The midrib is crossed effortless (see 'special'); the corridor frequently also crosses itself; the section of the leaf cut off then usally turns brown and dies off. Frass in a narrow central line. The larva vacates the mine prior to pupation through an exit in the upper epidermis. The vacated larval chamber is proportionally much longer than in the case of Stigmella mines (> 3 x longer than broad). Pupation takes place in a cocoon that hangs in a 'hammock' in a fold of the leaf (Bladmineerders van Europa). The mine is also illustrated in UKMoths. Larva: The larvae of moths have a head capsule and chewing mouthparts with opposable mandibles (see video of a gracillarid larva feeding), six thoracic legs and abdominal legs (see examples). Deeply segmented (British leafminers). The larva is illustrated in Bladmineerders van Europa. Pupa: The pupae of moths have visible head appendages, wings and legs which lie in sheaths (see examples). Pupation in a silken cocoon suspended from threads attached to food plant or other vegetation (British leafminers). The cocoon is also illustrated in UKMoths. Adult: The adult is illustrated in UKMoths and the Encyclopedia of Life. The species is included in mothdissection.co.uk. Comments: Mines on Prunus serotina are usually, and those on Prunus laurocarasus practically always abortive (Bladmineerders van Europa).
Possibly
in part because of its abundance there are some references to xenophagy:
Humulus lupulus and Salix caprea (Klimesch, 1957a;
Huber, 1969a); Castanea sativa and Ribes (Hering,
1957a); Quercus (Robbins, 1991a); Rhamnus catharticus (Ellis, 2001a) (Bladmineerders van Europa) Hosts in Great Britain and Ireland: Hosts elsewhere: Time of year - larvae: The species has two or more broods, with the later ones overwintering and reappearing in the spring (UKMoths). May; July; September-October (British leafminers). Time of year - adults: The adults fly at night and are attracted to light (UKMoths). Distribution in Great Britain and Ireland: Common throughout Britain (UKMoths) including Anglesey, Bedfordshire, Berkshire, Breconshire, Buckinghamshire, Caernarvonshire, Cambridgeshire, Cardiganshire, Carmarthenshire, Cheshire, Cumberland, Denbighshire, Derbyshire, Dorset, East Cornwall, East Gloucestershire, East Kent, East Norfolk, East Ross, East Suffolk, East Sussex, East Sutherland, Easterness, Fife, Flintshire, Glamorgan, Haddington, Hertfordshire, Huntingdonshire, Isle of Wight, Kincardineshire, Kirkudbrightshire, Leicestershire, Linlithgow, Main Argyll, Merionethshire, Mid-west Yorkshire, Middlesex, Monmouthshire, Montgomeryshire, North Aberdeenshire, North Ebudes, North Essex, North Hampshire, North Northumberland, North Somerset, North Wiltshire, Northamptonshire, Pembrokeshire, Shropshire, South Aberdeenshire, South Devon, South Lancashire, South Northumberland, South Wiltshire, South-east Yorkshire, South-west Yorkshire, Stafford, Surrey, Warwickshire, West Cornwall, West Gloucestershire, West Kent, West Lancashire, West Norfolk, West Suffolk, West Sussex, Westmorland, Wigtownshire and Worcestershire (NBN Atlas). See also British leafminers distribution map. Also recorded in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland (Fauna Europaea and National Biodiversity Data Centre Map). Distribution elsewhere: Widespread in continental Europe including Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Corsica, Crete, Croatia, Czech Republic, Danish mainland, Estonia, Finland, French mainland, Germany, Greek mainland, Hungary, Italian mainland, Kaliningrad Region, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Norwegian mainland, Poland, Portuguese mainland, Romania, Russia - Central, East and Northwest, Sardinia, Sicily, Slovakia, Spanish mainland, Sweden, Switzerland, The Netherlands, Ukraine and Yugoslavia (Fauna Europaea). NBN Atlas links to known host species: British and Irish Parasitoids in Britain and elsewhere: |
| Last updated 11-Jul-2019 Brian Pitkin |  |
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