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(Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera)
by
Brian Pitkin, Willem Ellis, Colin Plant and Rob Edmunds
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SCUTELLARIA.
Skullcaps. [Lamiaceae]
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Four
species of Scutellaria are recorded in Britain. These include
the native Skullcap (S. galericulata) and Lesser Skullcap
(S. minor). The BSBI provide a downloadable plant crib for Scutellaria.
Two British miners are recorded on Scutellaria.
A key to the European miners recorded on Scutellaria is provided in Bladmineerders van Europa.
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Skullcap
Scutellaria galericulata
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Key for the identification of the known mines of British
insects (Diptera and non-Diptera) recorded on Scutellaria
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1a >Leaf-miner: An
initially linear mine, which at second instar develops into a large
whitish blotch with conspicuous black frass. The early linear mine
is frequently entirely enveloped by the blotch but is detectable
by the alternate irregular strips of frass. Pupation external (Spencer,
1976: 158).
The
first part of the mine consists of a long, slender upper-surface
corridor. After the first moult this changes into a large primary
blotch without feeding lines. Frass in the corridor in short, somewhat
angular thread fragments, towards the end even in grains. Frass
arranged less closely along the sides than in A.
lamii. Pupation outside the mine.
The frass is conspicuous in the mine and the mine is initially linear, then develops into a white blotch, often enveloping this early mine. |
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On Ajuga, Ballota, Glechoma, Lamium, Marrubium and Stachys, but not yet on Scutellaria, in
Britain and additional Lamiaceae elsewhere. In southern England
and continental Europe.
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Amauromyza
morionella (Zetterstedt, 1848) [Diptera: Agromyzidae]. |
1b > Leaf-miner: A
linear-blotch mine, first instar mine is linear, later developing
into a conspicuous white blotch. Frass greenish diffused (Spencer, 1972b: 46, 47 (fig. 138); Spencer,
1976: 166).
The
mine begins with a long, upper-surface, slender corridor. After
a moult the larva changes its behaviour, and makes a large, upper-surface
primary blotch without apparent feeding lines. Often the blotch
overruns more or less the initial corridor. Frass in the corridor
liquified to form a wide green band, with a few tiny black granules
along the sides. Pupation outside the mine.
A narrow gallery leading to a largish blotch on the upper surface. Frass is green and indistinct in the gallery - small grains may be seen at the gallery edge. |
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Amauromyza labiatarum puparium
Image: © Willem Ellis (Bladmineerders van Europa) |
On
numerous genera of Lamiaceae, but not yet on Scutellaria, in Britain and elsewhere. Widespread
and locally common in south of England. Also recorded in the Republic
of Ireland and widespread and frequently common in continental Europe.
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Amauromyza
labiatarum (Hendel, 1920) [Diptera: Agromyzidae]. |
1c > Leaf-miner: Initially
a long, slim corridor, the frass alternating on either the side
of the corridor. After moulting, the larva broadens the mine and
the frass is less regular. Pupation external. |

Mine
of Amauromyza lamii on Stachys sylvatica
Image: © Willem Ellis (Bladmineerders van Europa) |
Hosts in Britain unknown. The record on Glechoma from Warwick
(Kingsbury Wood) (Robbins,
1991: 103) is considered unlikely to be correct (Henshaw in Chandler, 1998). On Ajuga,
Ballota, Galeopsis, Glechoma, Lamiastrum, Lamium, Leonurus, Marrubium,
Mellitis, Mentha, Scutellaria and Stachys elsewhere.
Widespread in continental Europe.
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Amauromyza
lamii (Kaltenbach, 1858) [Diptera: Agromyzidae]. |
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