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(Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera)
by
Brian Pitkin, Willem Ellis, Colin Plant and Rob Edmunds
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PHASEOLUS.
French Bean and Runner Bean. [Fabaceae]
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Three
species of Phaseolus are recorded in Britain. These include
the introduced French Bean (P. vulgaris), Butter Bean (P.
lunatus) and Runner Bean (P. coccineus).
Six British miners are recorded on Phaseolus.
A key to the European miners recorded on Phaseolus is provided in Bladmineerders van Europa.
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Runner
Bean
Phaseolus coccineus
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Key for the identification of the known mines of British
insects (Diptera and non-Diptera) recorded on Phaseolus
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1a > Leaf-miner: A distinctive mine primarily above mid-rib, with irregular short
lateral offshoots into leaf blade. Pupation external (Spencer, 1972:
51 (fig. 172), 55; Spencer, 1976:
270, 271 (fig. 486)).
Branched,
whitish, upper-surface corridor; main axis overlying the midrib;
side branches overlying the main lateral veins. (In Campanula and Phyteuma the mine is much less branched, sometimes nothing
more than a corridor on top of the midrib). Frass in rather long
strings. Usually the mines begins as a long and narrow, shallow,
tortuous lower-surface corridor that ends upon the midrib but otherwise
is not associated with the leaf venation. Often this initial corridor
is filled with callus, and then even less conspicuous. Pupation
outside the mine.
A
linear mine on the upper surface, usually following the midrib and
showing side branches along the veins. The frass is in strings. |
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Polyphagous. On more than 40 host genera in 15 families, but not yet on Phaseolus, in Britain,. Widespread
throughout Britain. Also recorded in the Republic of Ireland.
Widespread in continental Europe.
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Liriomyza strigata (Meigen, 1830) [Diptera: Agromyzidae]. |
1b > Leaf-miner: Mine linear, whitish, both upper and lower surface. Pupation internal,
at the end of the mine with the anterior spiracles projecting through
the epidermis (Spencer, 1976:
433).
Upper-surface,
less often lower-surface corridor. Frass in isolated grains. Pupation
within the mine, usually in a lower-surface puparial chamber.
A long whitish upper surface corridor, which eventually goes lower surface. |
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Two
highly polyphagous species of Chromatomyia, with indistinguishable
mines, have been recorded in Britain. These are syngenesiae (Hardy) and horticola (Goureau) which can only be distinguished by the male genitalia. Both species are widespread in Britain and elsewhere, although syngenesiae is almost entirely restricted to Asteraceae. Records on Asteraceae not based on examination of male genitalia are treated in this account as Chromatomyia 'atricornis'.
Chromatomyia horticola is recorded on 160 plant genera in 31 families, of which 55 plant
genera in 19 families, including Phaseolus, in Britain.
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Chromatomyia
horticola (Goureau, 1851) [Diptera: Agromyzidae]. |
1c > Leaf-miner: A short, irregular, linear upper surface mine on any part of
the leaf. Also recorded from young pods |
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On
119 plant genera in 31 plant families of which only 4 plant genera
in 2 plant families, including Phaseolus, in Britain. Local, probably introduced
to Britain. Widespread in continental Europe particularly in Botanical
Gardens and glasshouses. Also recorded in Egypt.
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Liriomyza bryoniae (Kaltenbach, 1858) [Diptera: Agromyzidae]. |
1d > Leaf-miner: Corridor leaf-mine in leaves. An upper surface linear mine
with frass in conspicuous greenish strips, largely alternating at
each side of the channel (Spencer,
1976: 241).
Upper-surface,
unbranched corridor, relatively broad from the start on, but only
weakly widening subsequently. The fresh mine is bright green, but
turns whitish, later brown, quickly. Frass in a wide green band
in the centre of the corridor, with small black granules at either
side. Pupation outside the mine.
Forms
an upper surface mine, with the frass in a green strips. |
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Liriomyza congesta puparium
Image: © Willem Ellis (Bladmineerders van Europa) |
Polyphagous. On numerous genera of Fabaceae, but not yet on Phaseolus, in Britain. Widespread in Britain. Also recorded in the Republic
of Ireland and widespread and common throughout most of Europe
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Liriomyza
congesta (Becker, 1903) [Diptera: Agromyzidae]. |
1e > Leaf-miner: The
first generation initially forms an unmistakable leaf-mine on Anthyllis
vulneraria, but the second generation feeds on the flowers.
Feeding signs on other plants vary in appearance. Larvae can move
between sewn leaves, and more than one larva may be found together. Larvae
in a small full depth blotch, often with extensions. Frass concentrated
in one corner of the mine. The mining activities may cause the leaf
to roll inwards. Older larvae live free among spun leaves, but still
they may make then full depth mines by feeding on the leaf tissue
from a small opening. |
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Aproaerema anthyllidella larva, dorsal
Image: © Steve Wullaert (Bladmineerders van Europa) |
On Anthyllis, Medicago, Onobrychis, Ononis and Trifolium, but not yet on Phaseolus, in Britain
and Anthyllis, Chamaecytisus, Coronilla, Cysisus, Dorycnium,
Galega, Glycine, Hymenocarpos, Lathyrus, Lotus, Medicago, Melilotus, Onobrychis, Ononis, Ornithopus, Oxytropis, Phaseolus, Psoralea, Trifolium, Trigonella and Vicia elsewhere. Britain including the Channel Is. and Northern Ireland.
Also recorded in the Republic of Ireland. Widespread in continental
Europe.
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Aproaerema
anthyllidella (Hübner, 1813) [Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae]. |
1f > Leaf-miner: In the first instar the larva mines the leaves, forming short,
irregular, blotch-like mines, but in later instars it lives externally,
feeding in spun leaves and often twisting those of tender shoots. Larval head light-brown or yellowish brown, edged with black postero-laterally,
ocellar area blackish; prothoracic plate black edged with whitish
anteriorly; abdomen dull dark green; pinacula distinct, black,
sometimes brownish but with black bases to setae; anal plate large,
black (Bradley et al., 1973).
Small,
full depth mine without a definite shape; little frass. Some silk
is deposited in the mine. The larva soon leaves the mine and continues
feeding among spun leaves. |
Polyphagous. On numerous genera and species of plant families, but not yet
on Phaseolus, in Britain. On numerous genera
and species of plant families including Phaseolus elsewhere.
Widespread in Britain and continental Europe. Also recorded from
the Channel Is.
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Cnephasia
incertana (Treitschke, 1835) [Lepidoptera: Tortricidae]. |
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