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(Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera)
by
Brian Pitkin, Willem Ellis, Colin Plant and Rob Edmunds
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ERYNGIUM.
Sea-holly and Eryngo. [Apiaceae]
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Six
species of Eryngium are recorded in Britain. These include
the native Sea-holly (E. maritimum) and Field Eryngo (E.
campestre).
Field
Eryngo (E. campestre) is protected under Schedule 8 of the
Wildlife and Countryside Act, 1981.
Two British miners are recorded on Eryngium.
A key to the European miners recorded on
Eryngium is provided in Bladmineerders van Europa.
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 Sea-holly
Eryngium maritimum |
Key for the identification of the known mines of British
insects (Diptera and non-Diptera) recorded on Eryngium
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1a > Leaf-miner: A distinctive mine primarily above mid-rib, with irregular short
lateral offshoots into leaf blade. Pupation external (Spencer, 1972:
51 (fig. 172), 55; Spencer, 1976:
270, 271 (fig. 486)).
Branched,
whitish, upper-surface corridor; main axis overlying the midrib;
side branches overlying the main lateral veins. (In Campanula and Phyteuma the mine is much less branched, sometimes nothing
more than a corridor on top of the midrib). Frass in rather long
strings. Usually the mines begins as a long and narrow, shallow,
tortuous lower-surface corridor that ends upon the midrib but otherwise
is not associated with the leaf venation. Often this initial corridor
is filled with callus, and then even less conspicuous. Pupation
outside the mine.
A
linear mine on the upper surface, usually following the midrib and
showing side branches along the veins. The frass is in strings. |
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Polyphagous. On more than 40 host genera in 15 families, but not yet on Eryngium, in Britain and elsewhere. Widespread throughout Britain. Also
recorded in the Republic of Ireland. Widespread in continental
Europe.
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Liriomyza
strigata (Meigen, 1830) [Diptera: Agromyzidae]. |
1b > Leaf-miner: Mine linear, whitish, both upper and lower surface. Pupation internal,
at the end of the mine with the anterior spiracles projecting through
the epidermis (Spencer, 1976:
433). Upper-surface,
less often lower-surface corridor. Frass in isolated grains. Pupation
within the mine, in a, usually lower-surface, pupal chamber. A long whitish upper surface corridor, which eventually goes lower surface. |
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Two
highly polyphagous species of Chromatomyia, with indistinguishable
mines, have been recorded in Britain. These are syngenesiae (Hardy) and horticola (Goureau) which can only be distinguished by the male genitalia. Both species are widespread in Britain and elsewhere, although syngenesiae is almost entirely restricted to Asteraceae. Records on Asteraceae not based on examination of male genitalia are treated in this account as Chromatomyia 'atricornis'.
Chromatomyia
horticola has been recorded on Eryngium elsewhere, but not yet on Erungium in Britain.
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Chromatomyia
horticola (Goureau, 1851) [Diptera: Agromyzidae]. |
1c > Leaf-miner: A large blotch, yellow or brown, preceded by a short
corridor that in the end mostly is completely overrun. Generally
several larvae share a mine. Especially in fresh mines the green
primary and secondary feeding lines are well visible. Pupation outside
the mine. Puparium yellow. |
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Euleia heraclei pupariria
Image: © Willem Ellis (Bladmineerders van Europa) |
Polyphagous. On numerous genera of Apiaceae and possibly some Asteraceae, but not yet on Aegopodium, in Britain. On
numerous genera of Apiaceae, including Aegopodium, and possibly some Asteraceae elsewhere. Throughout the British Isles. Also recorded in
the Republic of Ireland and most of the rest of the Palaearctic region, as
far east as Afghanistan.
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Euleia
heraclei (Linnaeus, 1758) [Diptera: Tephritidae]. |
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