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(Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera)
by
Brian Pitkin, Willem Ellis, Colin Plant and Rob Edmunds
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ANTHRISCUS.
Chervils and Cow Parsley. [Apiaceae]
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Two
species of Anthriscus - Bur Chervil (A. caucalis)
and Cow Parsley (A. sylvestris) - are native to Britain.
A third species has been introduced - Garden Chervil (A. cerefolium).
Five British miners are recorded on Anthriscus.
A key to the European miners recorded on
Anthriscus is provided in Bladmineerders van Europa.
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Cow
Parsley
Anthriscus sylvestris
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Key for the identification of the known mines of British
insects (Diptera and non-Diptera) recorded on Anthriscus
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1a > Leaf-miner: Oviposition
as a rule in the stem, only occasionally in a leaf. In the latter
case the larva makes an upper-surface corridor that ends in a thick
vein. From there it descends, through petiole and stem, down to
the root. Here the pupation takes place (Spencer,
1990: 163). |
On Daucus carota in Britain and additionally Anthriscus
sylvestris elsewhere. Only recorded from Norfolk in Britain.
Widespread elsewhere in continental Europe.
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Napomyza
carotae Spencer, 1966 [Diptera: Agromyzidae]. |
1b > Leaf-miner: A
short, narrow, linear mine, generally closely following margin of
leaf segment; in very small sections of a leaf producing a secondary
blotch (Spencer, 1972b: 89
(fig. 302), 92; Spencer, 1976:
401 (fig. 702), 402).
Upper-surface
corridor, in the end widening so strongly that within the limited
space of an umbelliferous leaf often a secondary blotch is the result.
The upper-surface mine is preceded by a short lower-surface corridor,
made by the first instar larva during the first part of this stage
(Allen, 1956a). It is difficult to observe, also because it tends
to follow the leaf margin. Frass in two untidy rows of isolated
grains. Before pupation the larva leaves the mine through a semicircular
exit slit in the lower epidermis.
A narrow mine, follows leaf marginand forms secondary blotches. |
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Phytomyza chaerophylli puparium
Image: © Willem Ellis (Bladmineerders van Europa) |
On Anthriscus, Chaerophyllum, Conopodium, Daucus,
Torilis and possibly Sison in Britain and additional
Apiaceae elsewhere. Common and widespread throughout Britain.
Also recorded in the Republic of Ireland and widespread and common
throughout much of Europe.
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Phytomyza
chaerophylli Kaltenbach, 1856 [Diptera: Agromyzidae]. |
1c > Leaf-miner: Young
larvae make small, full depth blotch mines, almost without frass.
Older larva live externally on the plant under a light web.
Initially
forms a small blotch mine and may later feed in a slight web. In
coastal areas may continue mining throughout the larval stage.
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On Carex, Agrostis, Anthoxanthum, Deschampsia, Festuca, Holcus and Poa in Britain plus Phalaris elsewhere.
Widespread in Britain, Ireland and continental Europe. |
Epermenia
aequidentellus (O. Hofmann, 1867) [Lepidoptera: Epermeniidae]. |
1c > Leaf-miner: The larvae are often gregarious and feed on the underside of the leaf causing a 'windowing' effect as they eat the mesophyll and lower epidermis. This effect can be seen from the top of the
leaf as it discolours.
Short,
small, irregular, sometimes widened corridor. Mostly a number in
a leaf, concentrated in the axils of the midrib and the primary
side veins. Each larva makes a number of mines. Often the larva
protrudes with its rear end out of the mine, causing most frass
to be ejected. While moving, at the leaf underside, silken threads
are produced, in wich grains of frass may be trapped. Older larvae
live free and cause window feeding, often in a group under a light
spinning. |
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Polyphagous. On Angelica sylvestris, Anthriscus sylvestris, Daucus carota, Heracleum sphondylium and Heracleum sativain Britain and Aegopodium podagraria, Angelica archangelica subsp. litoralis,
Angelica sylvestris, Anthriscus caucalis, Anthriscus cerefolium,
Anthriscus sylvestris, Apium graveolens, Berula erecta, Carum
carvi, Chaerophyllum hirsutum, Chaerophyllum temulum, Cicuta virosa,
Conium maculatum, Daucus carota, Heracleum sphondylium, Levisticum
officinale, Oenanthe, Pastinaca sativa, Peucedanum, Pimpinella
saxifraga, Seseli libanotis, Silaum, Sium latifolium, Sison amomum and Torilis elsewhere. Widespread in Britain and continental
Europe.
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Epermenia
chaerophyllella (Goeze, 1783) [Lepidoptera: Epermeniidae]. |
1d > Leaf-miner: A large blotch, yellow or brown, preceded by a short
corridor that in the end mostly is completely overrun. Generally
several larvae share a mine. Especially in fresh mines the green
primary and secondary feeding lines are well visible. Pupation outside
the mine. Puparium yellow. |
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Euleia heraclei pupariria
Image: © Willem Ellis (Bladmineerders van Europa) |
On
numerous genera of Apiaceae and possibly some Asteracea, but not yet on Anthriscus, in Britain
and elsewhere, including Angelica in Britain. Throughout the British Isles. Also recorded in
the Republic of Ireland and most of the Palaearctic region, as
far east as Afghanistan.
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Euleia
heraclei (Linnaeus, 1758) [Diptera: Tephritidae]. |
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