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Leaf-miner: An irregular whitish linear mine which can broaden at end and become blotch-like (Spencer, 1976: 397).

Larva: The larvae of flies are leg-less maggots without a head capsule (see examples). They never have thoracic or abdominal legs. They do not have chewing mouthparts, although they do have a characteristic cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton (see examples), usually visible internally through the body wall. The larvae lie on their sides within the mine and use their pick-like mouthparts to feed on plant tissue.

Posterior spiracules two-horned with about 20 bulbs (de Meijere, 1937a) (Bladmineerders van Europa).

Puparium: The puparia of flies are formed within the hardened last larval skin or puparium and as a result sheaths enclosing head appendages, wings and legs are not visible externally (see examples).

Black; posterior spiracles each with an ellipse of some 20 bulbs (Spencer, 1976: 397).

Hosts in Great Britain and Ireland:

Campanulaceae
Campanula				Robbins, 1991: 105
Campanula	glomerata	Clustered Bellflower		Mines in BMNH
Campanula	glomerata	Clustered Bellflower		Spencer, 1972b: 110
Campanula	rotundifolia	Harebell		Mines in BMNH
Campanula	rotundifolia	Harebell		Spencer, 1972b: 110
Campanula	trachelium	Nettle-leaved Bellflower		Spencer, 1972b: 110
Phyteuma				Robbins, 1991: 105

Hosts elsewhere:

Campanulaceae		Spencer, 1976: 396
Caltha	palustris	Marsh Marigold		Bladmineerders van Europa

Time of year - mines: July, September.

Time of year - adults: August.

Distribution in Great Britain and Ireland: Widespread but local. Wiltshire (Corsham), Cambridgeshire (Whittelstone), Norfolk (Norwich), Westmorland (Grasmere), Yorkshire (Malham Tarn) (Spencer, 1972b: 94), Inner Hebrides (Isle of Coll) (Bland, 1992), Warwickshire (Sutton Park) (Robbins, 1991); East Ross, Main Argyll, Outer Hebrides and Westmorland (NBN Atlas). Also recorded in the Republic of Ireland: Co. Clare (Spencer, 1972b: 94).

Distribution elsewhere: Widespread in continental Europe including Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden (Spencer, 1976: 396), The Netherlands (Bladmineerders van Europa), Belgium (de Bruyn and von Tschirnhaus, 1991), Germany (Spencer, 1976: 570), Czech Republic, Lithuania and Poland (Fauna Europaea).

NBN Atlas links to known host species:

British and Irish Parasitoids in Britain and elsewhere: