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Leaf-miner: Mine only in the leaf lamina (not the mid-rib). Mine not simultaneously blotch-like (on the upper side or under side) and with very fine frass grains. Mine not touching the midrib. Mine at least in places greenish in transmitted light when seen from either the dorsal side or ventral side. Frass plentiful, irregularly scattered throughout the mine. Pupation always external. The egg shell lies on the leaf surface at the beginning of the mine.

Larva: The larvae of flies are leg-less maggots without a head capsule (see examples). They never have thoracic or abdominal legs. They do not have chewing mouthparts, although they do have a characteristic cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton (see examples), usually visible internally through the body wall.

Puparium: The puparia of flies are formed within the hardened last larval skin or puparium and as a result sheaths enclosing head appendages, wings and legs are not visible externally (see examples).

Comments: Lychnis flos-cuculi is treated as Silene flos-cuculi (Ragged-Robin) by Stace (2010).

Hosts in Great Britain and Ireland:

Caryophyllaceae
Lychnis				Pitkin & Plant in British leafminers
Lychnis	flos-cuculi	Ragged-Robin (stem)		Ackland in Chandler, 1978: 227

Hosts elsewhere:

Caryophyllaceae
Cerastium	semidecandrum			Bladmineerders van Europa
Lychnis				Hering, 1957
Lychnis				Bladmineerders van Europa
Lychnis	flos-cuculi	Ragged-Robin		Griffiths, 1982
Stellaria	uliginosa			Bladmineerders van Europa

Time of year - adults: Currently unknown.

Time of year - mines: Currently unknown.

Distribution in Great Britain and Ireland: Recorded in Britain by Ackland (1978) including Cambridgeshire, Glamorgan and Montgomeryshire, North Somerset and West Gloucestershire (NBN Atlas).

Distribution elsewhere: Widespread in continental Europe (Hering, 1957) including Germany (Griffiths, 1982), Austria, Czech Republic, Denmark, French mainland, Hungary, Italian mainland and Slovakia (Michelsen in Fauna Europaea).

Also recorded in the East Palaearctic and Nearctic Regions (Michelsen in Fauna Europaea).

NBN Atlas links to known host species:

British and Irish Parasitoids in Britain and elsewhere: Currently unknown.