Leaf-miner: A gallery completely without coiled frass (British
leafminers).
Ovipisition
at the underside of the leaf, in the axil of a vein. From there
a corridor, that does not widen much, zigzags between two lateral
veins in the direction of the leaf margin. Frass at first in a narrow
central line. Later the frass becomes widely dispersed; it never
lies in coils (Bladmineerders van Europa).
Larva: The larvae of moths have a head capsule and chewing mouthparts with opposable mandibles (see video of a gracillarid larva feeding), six thoracic legs and abdominal legs (see examples).
The larva is yellow, dark head and prothoracic plate (British
leafminers). The larva is also illustrated in
Bladmineerders van Europa.
Pupa: The pupae of moths have visible head appendages, wings and legs which lie in sheaths (see examples).
Adult:
The adult is illustrated in UKMoths. The species is included in mothdissection.co.uk.
Hosts in Great Britain and Ireland:
Hosts elsewhere:
Time
of year - larvae: June - July, end August - October (British
leafminers).
Time
of year - adults: April and May, and again in July and August
(UKMoths).
Distribution
in Great Britain and Ireland: Britain including Anglesey,
Banffshire, Bedfordshire, Breconshire, Buckinghamshire, Caernarvonshire, Cambridgeshire, Cumberland,
Denbighshire, Derbyshire, Dorset, Dumfriesshire, Durham, East Cornwall, East Gloucestershire, East Kent, East Norfolk, East Ross, East Suffolk, East Sussex, Easterness, Flintshire, Glamorgan,
Haddington, Hertfordshire, Huntingdonshire, Isle of White, Kincardineshire, Leicestershire, Linlithgow, Main Argyll, Merionethshire,
Mid-west Yorkshire, Middlesex, Monmouthshire, Montgmeryshire, North Aberdeenshire, North Devon, North Essex,
North Hampshire, North Northumberland, North Somerset, North-west Yorkshire, North Wiltshire, North-west Yorkshire, Shropshire, South Aberdeenshire, South Hampshire, South Lancashire, South Northumberland, South Wiltshire, South-west Yorkshire, Stafford, Stirlingshire, Surrey, West Cornwall, West Gloucestershire,
West Kent, West Lancashire, West Norfolk, West Suffolk, Westmorland, Wigtownshire, and Worcestershire (NBN
Atlas).
See also British
leafminers distribution map.
Also
recorded in the Republic of Ireland (Fauna Europaea and National Biodiversity Data Centre Map).
Distribution
elsewhere: Widespread in continental Europe including Austria,
Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Danish mainland, French mainland,
Germany, Greek mainland, Hungary, Italian mainland, Lithuania, Macedonia,
Norwegian mainland, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spanish
mainland, Sweden, Switzerland, The Netherlands and Ukraine (Fauna Europaea).
NBN Atlas links to known host species:
British and Irish Parasitoids in Britain and elsewhere:
Chalcidoidea |
|
Chrysocharis nephereus (Walker, 1839) |
Eulophidae: Entedoninae |
Chrysocharis prodice (Walker, 1839) |
Eulophidae: Entedoninae |
Derostenus
gemmeus Westwood, 1840 |
Eulophidae: Entedoninae |
Derostenus punctiscuta Thomson, 1878 |
Eulophidae: Entedoninae |
Cirrospilus
curvineurus Askew, 1965 |
Eulophidae: Eulophinae |
Cirrospilus
diallus Walker, 1838 |
Eulophidae: Eulophinae |
Cirrospilus
vittatus Walker, 1838 |
Eulophidae: Eulophinae |
Pnigalio longulus (Zetterstedt, 1838) |
Eulophidae: Eulophinae |
Ichneumonoidea - Links to species no longer available |
|
Coloneura
stylata Förster, 1862 |
Braconidae: Alysiinae |
Adelius subfasciatus Haliday, 1833 |
Braconidae: Cheloninae |
Colastes
braconius Haliday, 1833 |
Braconidae: Exothecinae |
|