Leaf-miner: A contorted gallery leading to small blotch (British
leafminers).
Egg
at the underside of the leaf, mostly close to a vein or the leaf
margin. The mine, a corridor, is rather variable, mostly strongly
contorted, sometimes even forming a secondary blotch, but at times
only a little sinuous, running along a vein or following the leaf
margin. The frass line is broad, especially in the first half of
the mine (Bladmineerders van Europa).
Larva: The larvae of moths have a head capsule and chewing mouthparts with opposable mandibles (see video of a gracillarid larva feeding), six thoracic legs and abdominal legs (see examples).
The larva is amber yellow, head brown (British
leafminers).
The
larva is also illustrated in Bladmineerders van Europa.
Pupa: The pupae of moths have visible head appendages, wings and legs which lie in sheaths (see examples).
The cocoon is illustrated in British
leafminers.
Adult:
The adult is illustrated in UKMoths.
The species is included in mothdissection.co.uk.
Hosts in Great Britain and Ireland:
Hosts elsewhere:
Time
of year - larvae: July, September - November (British
leafminers).
Time
of year - adults: On the wing in April and May and again in
July and August (UKMoths).
Distribution
in Great Britain and Ireland: A common species throughout
the British Isles (UKMoths)
including Anglesey, Anglesey, Ayrshire, Banffshire, Bedfordshire, Breconshire, Buckinghamshire,
Caernarvonshire, Cambridgeshire, Carmarthenshire, Cumberland, Derbyshire, Dorset,
Dumfriesshire, Dunbartonshire, Durham, East Cornwall, East Kent, East Norfolk, East Ross, East Suffolk, East Sussex, East Sutherland, Easterness,
Flintshire, Glamorgan, Haddington, Hertfordshire, Huntingdonshire,
Isle of Wight, Kincardineshire, Linlithgow, Merionethshire, Middlesex, Monmouthshire, Montgomeryshire, North Aberdeenshire,
North Devon, North Ebudes, North Essex, North Hampshire, North Northumberland, North Somerset, North Wiltshire, Northamptonshire, Shropshire, South Aberdeenshire, South Essex,
South Hampshire, South Lancashire, South Wiltshire, South-east Yorkshire, South-west Yorkshire,
Stafford, Surrey, West Cornwall, West Gloucestershire, West Kent,
West Lancashire, West Norfolk, West Ross, West Suffolk, Westmorland, Wigtownshire and Worcestershire (NBN
Atlas).
See also British
leafminers distribution map.
Also
recorded in the Republic of Ireland (Fauna Europaea and National Biodiversity Data Centre Map).
Distribution elsewhere: Widespread in continental Europe including Austria, Belgium,
Bulgaria, Corsica, Croatia, Czech Republic, Danish mainland, Estonia,
Finland, French mainland, Germany, Hungary, Italian mainland, Latvia,
Lithuania, Norwegian mainland, Portuguese mainland, Romania, Russia
- Central, East and North, Sardinia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spanish
mainland, Sweden, Switzerland, The Netherlands, Ukraine and Yugoslavia.
Also recorded in East Palaearctic (Fauna Europaea).
NBN Atlas links to known host species:
Myrica
gale, Salix
alba, Salix
arbuscula, Salix
atrocinerea, Salix
aurita, Salix
babylonica, Salix
caprea, Salix
cinerea, Salix
daphnoides, Salix
fragilis, Salix
lanata, Salix
pentandra, Salix
purpurea, Salix
repens, Salix
reticulata, Salix
triandra, Salix
viminalis |
British and Irish Parasitoids in Britain and elsewhere:
Chalcidoidea |
|
Parablastothrix vespertina Mercet, 1917 |
Encyrtidae: Encyrtinae |
Chrysocharis budensis Erdös, 1954 |
Eulophidae: Entedoninae |
Chrysocharis nephereus (Walker, 1839) |
Eulophidae: Entedoninae |
Chrysocharis prodice (Walker, 1839) |
Eulophidae: Entedoninae |
Derostenus
gemmeus Westwood, 1840 |
Eulophidae: Entedoninae |
Derostenus punctiscuta Thomson, 1878 |
Eulophidae: Entedoninae |
Cirrospilus
diallus Walker, 1838 |
Eulophidae: Eulophinae |
Ichneumonoidea - Links to species no longer available |
|
Adelius erythronotus
(Förster, 1851) |
Braconidae: Cheloninae |
Adelius subfasciatus Haliday, 1833 |
Braconidae: Cheloninae |
Gnamptodon pumilio (Nees, 1834) |
Braconidae: Gnamptodontinae |
Mirax rufilabris Haliday, 1833 |
Braconidae: Miracinae |
|