Leaf-miner: The mine is contorted, starting underside, frass linear (British
leafminers).
Egg
at the underside of the leaf, mostly close to a vein. The mine is
a fairly slender corridor that even towards the end hardly widens.
The first part consists of a some close loops around the oviposition
site; this part generally is lower-surface. The later part is much
less contorted, with a frass line that occupies one third to one
half the width of the gallery. The sides of the corridor are irregularly
scalloped out. Usually no more than one mine per leaf. Pupation
external, exit slit in the lower epidermis (Bladmineerders van Europa).
The
mine is also illustrated in UKMoths.
Larva: The larvae of moths have a head capsule and chewing mouthparts with opposable mandibles (see video of a gracillarid larva feeding), six thoracic legs and abdominal legs (see examples).
The larva is yellow, gut-line green (British
leafminers).
Pale
yellow, head light brown; lies venter-upwards in the mine. See Gustafsson
and van Nieukerken (1990a) for a detailed description (Bladmineerders van Europa).
Pupa: The pupae of moths have visible head appendages, wings and legs which lie in sheaths (see examples).
Adult:
The adult is illustrated in UKMoths.
The species is included in mothdissection.co.uk.
Hosts in Great Britain and Ireland:
Hosts elsewhere:
Time
of year - larvae: August - November (British
leafminers; UKMoths).
Time
of year - adults: Adults flying from May to July (UKMoths).
Distribution
in Great Britain and Ireland: Fairly common in mainland Britain
(UKMoths)
including Banffshire, Bedfordshire, Buckinghamshire, Caernarvonshire,
Cambridgeshire, Cheshire, Derbyshire, East Kent, East Norfolk, East Suffolk, East Sutherland, Easterness, Elgin, Glamorgan, Herefordshire,
Huntingdonshire, Kincardineshire, Middlesex, North Aberdeenshire, North Essex,
Northamptonshire, Shropshire, South Aberdeenshire, South Hampshire, South Lancashire, Stafford, Surrey, West Gloucestershire, West Norfolk, West Suffolk and Worcestershire (NBN
Atlas).
See also British
leafminers distribution map.
Also
recorded in the Republic of Ireland (Fauna Europaea and National Biodiversity Data Centre Map).
Distribution
elsewhere: Widespread in continental Europe including Austria,
Belarus, Belgium, Croatia, Czech Republic, Danish mainland, Estonia,
Finland, French mainland, Germany, Hungary, Italian mainland, Latvia,
Lithuania, Norwegian mainland, Poland, Russia Central, Russia North,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland, The Netherlands, Ukraine,
Yugoslavia Also recorded in East Palaearctic (Fauna Europaea).
NBN Atlas links to known host species:
British and Irish Parasitoids in Britain and elsewhere:
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