Leaf-miner: The mine is short, with frass irregular, linear. The larva is yellow,
gut-line green, and dark ventral spots. There are often several
mines in a leaf. The mines are found frequently on seedlings and
small plants (British
leafminers).
Egg
at the underside of the leaf, close to a vein. The mine is a little
widening, rather short, tortuous corridor. The first part does not
encircle the egg, neither is it lower-surface.The frass line is
one third to one half of the width of the corridor. The sides of
the corridor are smooth, not scalloped out. Mostly several mines
in a leaf, not infrequently crossing each other. Pupation external,
exit slit in the lower epidermis (Bladmineerders van Europa).
Larva: The larvae of moths have a head capsule and chewing mouthparts with opposable mandibles (see video of a gracillarid larva feeding), six thoracic legs and abdominal legs (see examples).
The larva is bright yellow with a yellowish brown head and a brown spot on the prothorax. The ganglia of the ventral nervous system are conspicuous. SCS Brown (1947a) and Gustafsson and van Nieukerken (1990a) give a description of the larva (Bladmineerders van Europa).
Pupa: The pupae of moths have visible head appendages, wings and legs which lie in sheaths (see examples).
Adult:
The adult is illustrated in UKMoths. The species is included in mothdissection.co.uk.
Hosts in Great Britain and Ireland:
Hosts elsewhere:
Time
of year - larvae: July, September - early November (British
leafminers).
Time
of year - adults: Currently unknown.
Distribution
in Great Britain and Ireland: Britain including Bedfordshire,
Buckinghamshire, Caernarvonshire, Cambridgeshire, Cheshire, Denbighshire,
East Kent, East Ross, East Suffolk, East Sussex, East Sutherland,
Forfar, Glamorgan, Middlesex, North Aberdeenshire, North Essex, North Hampshire, Shropshire, South Aberdeenshire, South Wiltshire, Stafford,
West Suffolk, Westmorland and Worcestershire (NBN
Atlas).
See also British
leafminers distribution map.
Also
recorded in the Republic of Ireland (Fauna Europaea and National Biodiversity Data Centre Map).
Distribution
elsewhere: Widespread in continental Europe including Austria,
Belgium, Croatia, Czech Republic, Danish mainland, Estonia, Finland,
French mainland, Germany, Hungary, Italian mainland, Latvia, Lithuania,
Norwegian mainland, Poland, Romania, Russia - Central, East and
Northwest, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland, The Netherlands,
Ukraine and Yugoslavia. Also recorded in East Palaearctic (Fauna Europaea).
NBN Atlas links to known host species:
British and Irish Parasitoids in Britain and elsewhere:
Chalcidoidea |
|
Achrysocharoides niveipes (Thomson, 1878) |
Eulophidae: Entedoninae |
Chrysocharis amasis (Walker, 1839) |
Eulophidae: Entedoninae |
Chrysocharis acoris (Walker, 1839) |
Eulophidae: Entedoninae |
Chrysocharis budensis Erdös, 1954 |
Eulophidae: Entedoninae |
Derostenus punctiscuta Thomson, 1878 |
Eulophidae: Entedoninae |
Cirrospilus
vittatus Walker, 1838 |
Eulophidae: Eulophinae |
Ichneumonoidea - Links to species no longer available |
|
Adelius subfasciatus Haliday, 1833 |
Braconidae: Cheloninae |
Gnamptodon decoris (Förster, 1862) |
Braconidae: Gnamptodontinae |
Gnamptodon pumilio (Nees, 1834) |
Braconidae: Gnamptodontinae |
Mirax rufilabris Haliday, 1833 |
Braconidae: Miracinae |
|