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Leaf-miner: Young larvae bore in the midrib that turns somewhat pale and translucent; from here they make rather small, brownish, wrinkled, not very transparant blotches. Later they can make blotches that extend further from the midrib, but often that rather soon take on a boring habit, or start to live freely upon the plant. Pupation external (Bladmineerders van Europa).

The mine also is illustrated in UKMoths and British leafminers.

Larva: The larvae of moths have a head capsule and chewing mouthparts with opposable mandibles (see video of a gracillarid larva feeding), six thoracic legs and abdominal legs (see examples).

The larva is illustrated in UKMoths and Bladmineerders van Europa.

Pupa: The pupae of moths have visible head appendages, wings and legs which lie in sheaths (see examples).

The pupa is illustrated in UKMoths.

Adult: The adult is illustrated in UKMoths. The species is included in mothdissection.co.uk.

Hosts in Great Britain and Ireland:

Solanaceae
Solanum	dulcamara	Bittersweet / Woody Nightshade		British leafminers
Solanum	dulcamara	Bittersweet / Woody Nightshade		Pitkin & Plant
Solanum	dulcamara	Bittersweet / Woody Nightshade		UKMoths

Hosts elsewhere:

Solanaceae
Solanum	dulcamara	Bittersweet / Woody Nightshade		Belgian Lepidoptera
Solanum	dulcamara	Bittersweet / Woody Nightshade		Bladmineerders van Europa
Solanum	tuberosum	Potato		Belgian Lepidoptera

Time of year - larvae: May, August, September, December (British leafminers); Mid-September to May-June (Bladmineerders van Europa).

Time of year - adults: The moth emerges late in the season, from September onwards. The adult flies at night. It is attracted to light and spends the winter as an adult (UKMoths).

Distribution in Great Britain and Ireland: Fairly common species throughout much of Britain (UKMoths) including Anglesey, Bedfordshire, Berkshire, Breconshire, Caernarvonshire, Cambridgeshire, Cardiganshire, Carmarthenshire, Cheshire, Cumberland, Denbighshire, Derbyshire, Dorset, Dumfriesshire, Durham, East Cornwall, East Kent, East Norfolk, East Suffolk, Flintshire, Glamorgan, Haddington, Herefordshire, Hertfordshire, Huntingdonshire, Isle of Wight, Kincardineshire, Leicestershire, Middlesex, North Aberdeenshire, North Devon. North Hampshire, North Lincolnshire, North Somerset, Pembrokeshire, Shropshire, South Devon, South Hampshire, South Lancashire, South Northumberland, South Somerset, South-east Yorkshire, South-west Yorkshire, Stafford, Surrey, Warwickshire, West Cornwall, West Gloucestershire, West Kent, West Norfolk, West Ross, West Suffolk, Westmorland, Wigtownshire and Worcestershire (NBN Atlas) and the Channel Is. (Fauna Europaea).

In woodland and damp areas where the foodplant is found (UKMoths).

Also recorded in the Republic of Ireland (Fauna Europaea and National Biodiversity Data Centre Map).

Distribution elsewhere: Continental Europe including Belgium, Danish mainland, French mainland and The Netherlands (Fauna Europaea).

NBN Atlas links to known host species:

British and Irish Parasitoids in Britain and elsewhere: