Leaf-miner: A long mine between veins, several creases in lower epidermis. It
is strongly contracted, forming a tubular shape (British
leafminers).
Oviposition
at the underside of the leaf, always near a side vein. The mine
begins as an elongate blotch of 5-7 mm alongside the vein. This
develops into an elongate lower-surface tentiform mine between two
side veins, sometimes from midrib to leaf margin. Contraction of
the lower epidemis may give the mine a tubular aspect. The lower
epidermis has a number of fine folds that are set so close together
as to appear one single strong fold. Al frass is heaped in a corner
of the mine. The pupa lies in a loose, white, membranaceous cocoon
in the opposite corner (Bladmineerders van Europa).
The
mine is also illustrated in UKMoths.
Larva: The larvae of moths have a head capsule and chewing mouthparts with opposable mandibles (see video of a gracillarid larva feeding), six thoracic legs and abdominal legs (see examples).
The larva is illustrated in Bladmineerders van Europa.
Pupa: The pupae of moths have visible head appendages, wings and legs which lie in sheaths (see examples).
The pupa is illustrated in British
leafminers and Bladmineerders van Europa.
Adult:
The adult is illustrated in UKMoths. The species is included in mothdissection.co.uk.
Hosts in Great Britain and Ireland:
Hosts
elsewhere:
Time
of year - larvae: July, September - October (British
leafminers).
Time
of year - adults: Two broods, flying in May and June, and again
in August (UKMoths).
Distribution
in Great Britain and Ireland: It is common throughout Britain
(UKMoths)
including Anglesey, Banffshire, Bedfordshire, Breconshire, Buckinghamshire, Caernarvonshire,
Caithness, Cambridgeshire, Cardinganshire, Cheshire, Denbighshire, Derbyshire, Dorset, Dumfriesshire, Dunbartonshire, Durham, East Cornwall, East Gloucestershire, East Kent, East Norfolk, East Ross, East Suffolk, East Sussex, Easterness, Edinburgh,
Flintshire, Glamorgan, Hadddington, Herefordshire, Hertforshire, Huntingdonshire, Isle of Wight, Kincardineshire, Leicestershire, Linlithgow, Main Argyll, Mid-west Yorkshire, Merionethshire,
Middlesex, Montgomeryshire, North Aberdeenshire, North Ebudes, North Hampshire, North Somerset, North Wiltshire, North-east Yorkshire, Pembrokeshire, Radnorshire, Shropshire,
South Aberdeenshire, South Devon, South Hampshire, South Lancashire, South Northumberland, South Somerset, South Wiltshire, South-east Yorkshire, South-west Yorkshire, Stafford,
Surrey, West Cornwall, West Gloucestershire, West Lancashire,
West Norfolk, West Ross, West Suffolk, Westmorland, Wigtownshire and Worcestershire (NBN
Atlas) and the Channel Is.
See also British
leafminers distribution map.
Also
recorded in the Republic of Ireland and Northern
Ireland (Fauna Europaea and National Biodiversity Data Centre Map).
Distribution
elsewhere: Widespread in continental Europe including Albania,
Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech
Republic, Danish mainland, Finland, French mainland, Germany, Greek
mainland, Hungary, Italian mainland, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg,
Macedonia, Norwegian mainland, Poland, Romania, Russia - Central
and South, Slovakia, Spanish mainland, Sweden, Switzerland and The
Netherlands. Also recorded in the Near East (Fauna Europaea).
NBN Atlas links to known host species:
British and Irish Parasitoids in Britain and elsewhere:
Chalcidoidea |
|
Achrysocharoides buekkensis (Erdös, 1958) |
Eulophidae: Entedoninae |
Achrysocharoides cilla (Walker, 1839) |
Eulophidae: Entedoninae |
Achrysocharoides latreillii (Curtis, 1826) |
Eulophidae: Entedoninae |
Chrysocharis elongata (Thomson, 1878) |
Eulophidae: Entedoninae |
Chrysocharis laomedon (Walker, 1839) |
Eulophidae: Entedoninae |
Chrysocharis nephereus (Walker, 1839) |
Eulophidae: Entedoninae |
Chrysocharis phryne (Walker, 1839) |
Eulophidae: Entedoninae |
Closterocerus
longiventris (Askew, 1979) |
Eulophidae: Entedoninae |
Closterocerus
trifasciatus Westwood, 1833 |
Eulophidae: Entedoninae |
Cirrospilus
vittatus Walker, 1838 |
Eulophidae: Eulophinae |
Sympiesis gordius (Walker, 1839) |
Eulophidae: Eulophinae |
Ichneumonoidea - Links to species no longer available |
|
Coloneura
stylata Förster, 1862 |
Braconidae: Alysiinae |
Colastes
braconius Haliday, 1833 |
Braconidae: Exothecinae |
Pholetesor circumscriptus (Nees, 1834) |
Braconidae: Microgastrinae |
Diadegma holopygum (Thomson, 1887) |
Ichneumonidae: Campopleginae |
Encrateola laevigata (Ratzeburg, 1848) |
Ichneumonidae: Cryptinae |
Scambus inanis (Schrank, 1802) |
Ichneumonidae: Pimplinae |
|