Leaf-miner: The mine is underside, between veins, causing leaf to arch.
The lower epidermis is at first white, then brown (British
leafminers).
Lower-surface
tentiform mine, white at first, later brown, between two side veins.
Pupa without a recognisable cocoon in the mine. Before ecdysis the
pupa works itself halfway out of the upperside of the mine (Bladmineerders van Europa).
The
mine is also illustrated in UKMoths.
Larva: The larvae of moths have a head capsule and chewing mouthparts with opposable mandibles (see video of a gracillarid larva feeding), six thoracic legs and abdominal legs (see examples).
Pupa: The pupae of moths have visible head appendages, wings and legs which lie in sheaths (see examples).
The cremaster is illustrated in British
leafminers and Bladmineerders van Europa.
Adult:
The adult is illustrated in UKMoths by Rob Edmunds. The species is included in mothdissection.co.uk.
Hosts in Great Britain and Ireland:
Hosts elsewhere:
Time
of year - larvae: July, September - April (British
leafminers), the second generation overwintering in this stage
(UKMoths).
Time
of year - adults: There are two generations, with moths on the
wing in May and August (UKMoths).
Distribution
in Great Britain and Ireland: Occurs in the southern counties
of England and Wales, ranging north to Warwick (UKMoths)
including Bedfordshire, Berkshire, Cambridgeshire, Dorset, East Gloucester, East Kent, East Suffolk,
East Sussex, Glamorgan, Herefordshire, Isle of Wight, Leicestershire, North Hampshire, North Somerset,
Northamptonshire, Shropshire, South Hampshire, Stirlingshire, West Gloucestershire, West Norfolk, West Suffolk and Westmorland (NBN
Atlas).
See also British
leafminers distribution map.
Distribution
elsewhere: Widespread in continental Europe including Austria,
Belgium, Corsica, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, French
mainland, Germany, Hungary, Italian mainland, Poland, Romania, Russia
Central, Northwest and South, Slovakia, Spanish mainland, Switzerland,
The Netherlands and Ukraine (Fauna Europaea).
NBN Atlas links to known host species:
British and Irish Parasitoids in Britain and elsewhere:
Chalcidoidea |
|
Cirrospilus
lyncus Walker, 1841 |
Eulophidae: Eulophinae |
Sympiesis acalle (Walker, 1848) |
Eulophidae: Eulophinae |
Sympiesis gordius (Walker, 1839) |
Eulophidae: Eulophinae |
Chrysocharis laomedon (Walker, 1839) |
Eulophidae: Entedoninae |
Aprostocetus celtidis (Erdös, 1954) |
Eulophidae: Tetrastichinae |
Baryscapus nigroviolaceus (Nees, 1834) |
Eulophidae: Tetrastichinae |
Ichneumonoidea - Links to species no longer available |
|
Coloneura
stylata Förster, 1862 |
Braconidae: Alysiinae |
Colastes
braconius Haliday, 1833 |
Braconidae: Exothecinae |
Cotesia notha (Marshall, 1885) |
Braconidae: Microgastrinae |
Pholetesor bicolor (Nees, 1834) |
Braconidae: Microgastrinae |
Pholetesor circumscriptus (Nees, 1834) |
Braconidae: Microgastrinae |
Pholetesor
viminetorum (Wesmael, 1837) |
Braconidae: Microgastrinae |
Encrateola laevigata (Ratzeburg, 1848) |
Ichneumonidae: Cryptinae |
Itoplectis alternans (Gravenhorst, 1829) |
Ichneumonidae: Pimplinae |
|