Leaf-miner: The
mine is less than 10 mm long, creases in lower epidermis small or
absent (British
leafminers).
Small
lower-surface tentiform mine, generally equals 10 mm in length.
Usually, though not always, situated near the leaf margin or in
a leaf lobe. Mines of the summer generation have one fine length
fold, those of the fall generation have a large number of quite
fine wrinkles. Pupa in a cocoon; The summer cocoon is small, white,
anchored to the floor and the ceiling of the mine, and has frass
incrusted along the sides. The autumn cocoon is larger, more delicate,
and completely free of frass, that may be heaped in a corner of
the mine or be more or less scattered (Bladmineerders van Europa).
Larva: The larvae of moths have a head capsule and chewing mouthparts with opposable mandibles (see video of a gracillarid larva feeding), six thoracic legs and abdominal legs (see examples).
Whitish with pale brown head (Emmet, Watkinson and Wilson, 1985a)
(Bladmineerders van Europa).
Pupa: The pupae of moths have visible head appendages, wings and legs which lie in sheaths (see examples).
The pupa illustrated in Bladmineerders van Europa and just the cremaster in British
leafminers.
Adult:
The adult is illustrated in UKMoths. The species is included in mothdissection.co.uk.
Hosts in Great Britain and Ireland:
Hosts elsewhere:
Time
of year - larvae: July, September - October (British
leafminers).
Time
of year - adults: Currently unknown.
Distribution
in Great Britain and Ireland: Widespread in England including
Bedfordshire, Breconshire, Caernarvonshire, Cambridgeshire, Carmarthenshire,
Denbighshire, Derbyshire, Durham, East Cornwall, East Kent, East Norfolk, East Suffolk, East Sussex, East Sutherland,
Easterness, Flintshire, Glamorgan, Herefordshire, Hertfordshire, Huntingdonshire,
Leicestershire, Merionethshire, Mid-west Yorkshire, Middlesex, Monmouthshire, North Devon, North Essex,
North Hampshire, North Lincolnshire, North Somerset, North Wi8ltsire, North-east Yorksire, Nottinghamshire, Pembrokeshire, Radnorshire, Shropshire, South Aberdeenshire, South Devon, South Hampshire, South Northumberland, South Somerset, South Wiltshire,
South-west Yorkshire, Stafford, Stirlingshire, Surrey, West Gloucester, West Kent, West Lancashire, West Norfolk, West Suffolk, Westmorland and Worcestershire (NBN
Atlas).
See also British
leafminers distribution map.
Also
recorded in the Republic of Ireland (Fauna Europaea and National Biodiversity Data Centre Map).
Distribution
elsewhere: Widespread in continental Europe including Austria,
Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Danish mainland, Estonia, Finland,
French mainland, Germany, Hungary, Italian mainland, Latvia, Lithuania,
Norwegian mainland, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland
and Ukraine. Also recorded in Near East (Fauna Europaea).
NBN Atlas links to known host species:
British and Irish Parasitoids in Britain and elsewhere:
Chalcidoidae |
|
Achrysocharoides butus (Walker, 1839) |
Eulophidae: Entedoninae |
Achrysocharoides cilla (Walker, 1839) |
Eulophidae: Entedoninae |
Achrysocharoides splendens (Delucchi, 1954) |
Eulophidae: Entedoninae |
Chrysocharis laomedon (Walker, 1839) |
Eulophidae: Entedoninae |
Chrysocharis nephereus (Walker, 1839) |
Eulophidae: Entedoninae |
Chrysocharis submutica Graham 1963 |
Eulophidae: Entedoninae |
Ichneumonoidea - Links to species no longer available |
|
Coloneura
stylata Förster, 1862 |
Braconidae: Alysiinae |
Colastes
braconius Haliday, 1833 |
Braconidae: Exothecinae |
Pholetesor bicolor (Nees, 1834) |
Braconidae: Microgastrinae |
Rhysipolis hariolator (Haliday, 1836) |
Braconidae: Rhysipolinae |
Scambus inanis (Schrank, 1802) |
Ichneumonidae: Pimplinae |
|