Leaf-miner: The
mine is upper side, over veins. Silvery, with brown speckling, later
contracting to cause leaf to fold upwards. There may be several
mines on each leaf (British
leafminers).
Upper-surface
silvery tentiform mine. For some time the mine remains quite flat,
and appears as a blotch mine. In the final stage the leaf is strongly
contracted, however. Not infrequently several mines in a leaf. Pupa
in a cocoon in a corner of the mine, frass heaped in the opposite
corner (Bladmineerders van Europa).
Larva: The larvae of moths have a head capsule and chewing mouthparts with opposable mandibles (see video of a gracillarid larva feeding), six thoracic legs and abdominal legs (see examples).
The larva is illustrated in Bladmineerders van Europa.
Pupa: The pupae of moths have visible head appendages, wings and legs which lie in sheaths (see examples).
Cremaster has four hooked precesses - the outer pair being broader
than the inner ones (British
leafminers).
The
pupa is illustrated in Bladmineerders van Europa.
Adult:
The adult is illustrated in UKMoths.
The species is included in mothdissection.co.uk.
Hosts in Great Britain and Ireland:
Hosts
elsewhere:
Time
of year - larvae: July, September - October (British
leafminers).
Time
of year - adults: Being bivoltine, the adults are on the wing
in May and again in August (UKMoths).
Distribution
in Great Britain and Ireland: A common moth throughout much
of the British Isles (UKMoths)
including Anglesey, Bedfordshire, Breconshire, Buckinghamshire, Caernarvonshire, Cambridgeshire,
Carmarthenshire, Cheshire, Denbighshire, Derbyshire, Dorset, Dumfriesshire, Dunbartonshire, Durham, East Cornwall,
East Norfolk, East Gloucestershire, East Kent, East Norfolk, East Ross, East Suffolk, East Sutherland, Easterness, Flintshire, Glamorgan,
Haddington, Herefordshire, Hertfordshire, Huntingdonshire, Isle of Wight, Kincardineshire, Kirkcudbrightshire, Leicestershire, Main Argyll, Merionethshire,
Mid-west Yorkshire, Middlesex, Monmouthshire, Montgomeryshire, North Aberdeenshire, North Ebudes, North Essex, North Hampshire, North Somerset, North Wiltshire, North-east Yorkshire, Northamptonshire, Nottinghamshire, Pembrokeshire, Radnorshire,
Shropshire, South Aberdeenshire, South Devon, South Hampshire,
South Somerset, South Northumberland, South Wiltshire, Stafford, Surrey, West Cornwall,
West Gloucestershire, West Lancashire, West Norfolk, West Suffolk, Westmorland, Wigtownshire and Worcestershire (NBN
Atlas).
See also British
leafminers distribution map.
Also
recorded in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland (Fauna Europaea and National Biodiversity Data Centre Map).
Distribution
elsewhere: Widespread in continental Europe including Austria,
Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Danish mainland,
Estonia, Finland, French mainland, Germany, Hungary, Italian mainland,
Latvia, Lithuania, Republic of Moldova, Norwegian mainland, Poland,
Romania, Russia - Central, Northwest and South, Slovakia, Slovenia,
Spanish mainland, Sweden, Switzerland, The Netherlands, Ukraine.
Also recorded in Near East (Fauna Europaea).
NBN Atlas links to known host species:
British and Irish Parasitoids in Britain and elsewhere:
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