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Leaf-miner: Lower surface blotch without folds, with irregular corridor-like extensions; centre of the mine brownish. Frass dispersed. (Bladmineerders van Europa).

Larva: The larvae of moths have a head capsule and chewing mouthparts with opposable mandibles (see video of a gracillarid larva feeding), six thoracic legs and abdominal legs (see examples).

Larva of Monochroa conspersella on Lysimachia vulgaris Image: W. Ellis (Bladmineerders von Europa)

Pupa: Details unknown, pupation usually external. The pupae of moths have visible head appendages, wings and legs which lie in sheaths (see examples).

Adult: The adult is not illustrated in UKMoths (check for update). The species is included in mothdissection.co.uk.

Hosts in Great Britain and Ireland:

Primulaceae
Lysimachia	vulgaris	Yellow Loosestrife		British leafminers

Hosts elsewhere:

Primulaceae
Lysimachia	vulgaris	Yellow Loosestrife		Belgian Lepidoptera
Lysimachia	vulgaris	Yellow Loosestrife		Bladmineerders van Europa

Time of year - larvae: Larvae mine from September till the onset of winter (Hering, 1957).

Time of year - adults: Currently unknown.

Distribution in Great Britain and Ireland: A local species, which can be abundant, found in damp areas and fens in Kent and the East of England as far as Lincolnshire (British leafminers). Britain including Cambridgeshire, East Kent, East Norfolk, Huntingdonshire and West Norfolk (NBN Atlas).

Distribution elsewhere: Widespread in continental Europe including Albania, Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Danish mainland, Estonia, Finland, French mainland, Germany, Hungary, Italian mainland, Latvia, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Poland, Russia - Central, East, North-west, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, The Netherlands and Ukraine (Fauna Europaea).

NBN Atlas links to known host species:

British and Irish Parasitoids in Britain and elsewhere: Currently unknown.