Bark-miner: A gallery in the bark of the food plant generally mining upwards,
similar to that of Trifurcula immundella, which usually mines
downwards (British
leafminers).
The
mines are very hard to detect, but in late spring, the small white
pupal cocoons are easy to spot among the dark stems (UKMoths).
Larva: The larvae of moths have a head capsule and chewing mouthparts with opposable mandibles (see video of a gracillarid larva feeding), six thoracic legs and abdominal legs (see examples).
Pupa: The pupae of moths have visible head appendages, wings and legs which lie in sheaths (see examples).
Pupation in a white silken cocoon attached to a stem (British
leafminers). The cocoon is also illustrated in
UKMoths.
Adult:
The adult is illustrated in UKMoths.
The species is included in mothdissection.co.uk.
Hosts in Great Britain and Ireland:
Hosts
elsewhere:
Time
of year - larvae: September-May (British
leafminers).
Time
of year - adults: The adults fly during June and July (UKMoths).
Distribution
in Great Britain and Ireland: Widespread and common throughout
the whole of Britain (UKMoths)
including Anglesey, Ayrshire, Banffshire, Bedfordshire, Breconshire, Caernarvonshire,
Cumberland, Denbighshire, Dorset, Dumfriesshire, Dunbartonsahire, Durham, East Cornwall, East Kent, East Norfolk, East Ross, East Suffolk, Easterness, Elgin, Fife, Flintshire, Glamorgan, Haddington, Hertfordshire,
Isle of Wight, Kincardineshire, Linlithgow, Montgomeryshire, North Aberdeenshire, North Northumberland, Outer Hebrides, Pembrokeshire, Shropshire,
South Aberdeenshire, South Northumberland, South-west Yorkshire, Stafford, Stirlingshire, Surrey, West Cornwall, West Gloucestershire,
West Norfolk, West Perthshire, West Suffolk, Westmorland, Wigtownshire and Worcestershire (NBN
Atlas).
See also British
leafminers distribution map.
Also recorded in the Republic of Ireland (National Biodiversity Data Centre Map).
Distribution
elsewhere: Widespread in continental Europe including Austria,
Belarus, Belgium, Czech Republic, Danish mainland, Estonia, French
mainland, Germany, Hungary, Italian mainland, Luxembourg, Poland,
Portuguese mainland, Romania, Russia - Northwest, Sicily, Slovakia,
Spanish mainland, Sweden, Switzerland and The Netherlands. Also
recorded in the Nearctic region and Australian region (Fauna Europaea).
NBN Atlas links to known host species:
British and Irish Parasitoids in Britain and elsewhere:
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