Leaf-miner: At
first in a narrow gallery, later becoming a blotch mine (UKMoths).
Egg
on the leaf underside. The mine begins as a long, winding corridor
with a broad frass line that is red brown at first, black brown
later. The corridor abruptly widens into a slightly inflated blotch where the frass lies concentrated in the centre and where pupation in a coccon takes place. In preparation the larva has
cut a semicircular exit slit in the leaf underside, near what later
will be the front end of the cocoon (Bladmineerders van Europa).
Larva: The larvae of moths have a head capsule and chewing mouthparts with opposable mandibles (see video of a gracillarid larva feeding), six thoracic legs and abdominal legs (see examples).
The larva is illustrated in Bladmineerders van Europa.
Pupa: The pupae of moths have visible head appendages, wings and legs which lie in sheaths (see examples).
In a cocoon (Bladmineerders van Europa).
Adult:
The adult is illustrated in UKMoths.
The species is included in mothdissection.co.uk.
Hosts in Great Britain and Ireland:
Hosts
elsewhere:
Time
of year - larvae: July, October - December (British
leafminers).
Time
of year - adults: Two generations, on the wing in May and June,
and again in August (UKMoths).
Distribution
in Great Britain and Ireland: Fairly common in England and
Wales (UKMoths)
including Anglesey, Bedfordshire, Berkshire, Breconshire, Buckinghamshire, Caernarvonshire,
Cambridgeshire, Carmarthenshire, Denbighshire, Derbyshire, Dorset, Dumfriesshire, Dunbartonshire, Durham, East Cornwall, East Gloucestershire, East Kent, East Norfolk,
East Suffolk, Flintshire, Glamorgan, Haddington, Hertfordshire,
Huntingdonshire, Isle of Wight, Merionethshire, Middlesex, Montgomeryshire, North Aberdeenshire,
North Devon, North Hampshire, North Lincolnshire, North Northumberland, North Somerset,
Shropshire, South Hampshire, South Wiltshire, South-west Yorkshire, Stafford,
Stirlingshire, Warwickshire, West Cornwall, West Gloucestershire, West Kent, West Lancashire,
West Norfolk, West Suffolk, Westmorland and Worcestershire (NBN
Atlas).
See also British
leafminers distribution map.
Also
recorded in the Republic of Ireland (Fauna Europaea and National Biodiversity Data Centre Map).
Distribution
elsewhere: Widespread in continental Europe including Austria,
Belgium, Corsica, Croatia, Czech Republic, Danish mainland, Estonia,
Finland, French mainland, Germany, Greek mainland, Hungary, Italian
mainland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norwegian mainland, Poland, Portuguese
mainland, Romania, Russia - Central, Sardinia, Slovakia, Slovenia,
Spanish mainland, Sweden, Switzerland, The Netherlands, Ukraine
and Yugoslavia. Also recorded in East Palaearctic and Near East
(Fauna Europaea).
NBN Atlas links to known host species:
Hypericum
androsaemum, Hypericum
forrestii, Hypericum
hircinum, Hypericum
hirsutum, Hypericum
x inodorum, Hypericum
maculatum, Hypericum
montanum, Hypericum
nummularium, Hypericum
perforatum, Hypericum
pulchrum, Hypericum
tetrapterum, Hypericum
undulatum, Hypericum
xylosteifolium |
British and Irish Parasitoids in Britain and elsewhere:
|