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Leaf-miner: The larva makes a gallery by a vein or along the midrib and feeding branches can be seen emanating from this (British leafminers).

Broad full depth corridor overlying the main veins, with broad lobe-like, transparent, extensions into the blade. The corridor itself is quite opaque, white, later brown. The corridors, but not the extensions, are covered with silk at their inside. Almost all frass is ejected from the mine; grains may be seen trapped in silk below the mine. The larva rests lengthwise upon a vein and is very inconspicuous then. Pupation outside the mine (Bladmineerders van Europa).

Larva: The larvae of moths have a head capsule and chewing mouthparts with opposable mandibles (see video of a gracillarid larva feeding), six thoracic legs and abdominal legs (see examples).

The larva is illustrated in British leafminers and Bladmineerders van Europa.

Pupa: The pupae of moths have visible head appendages, wings and legs which lie in sheaths (see examples).

Pupation in detritus on the ground. The larva hibernates in its cocoon before it pupates (British leafminers).

Adult: The adult is illustrated in UKMoths. The species is included in mothdissection.co.uk.

Hosts in Great Britain and Ireland:

Cannabaceae
Humulus	lupulus	Hop		British leafminers
Humulus	lupulus	Hop		Pitkin & Plant

Hosts elsewhere:

Cannabaceae
Humulus	lupulus	Hop		Belgian Lepidoptera
Humulus	lupulus	Hop		Bladmineerders van Europa

Time of year - larvae: July - September (British leafminers).

Time of year - adults: Currently unknown.

Distribution in Great Britain and Ireland: Britain including East Norfolk, East Suffolk, Huntingdonshire, Isle of Wight, Stafford, Surrey, West Kent, West Norfolk and West Suffolk (NBN Atlas).

See also British leafminers distribution map.

Distribution elsewhere: Widespread in continental Europe including Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Danish mainland, Estonia, French mainland, Germany, Hungary, Italian mainland, Latvia, Republic of Moldova, Poland, Portuguese mainland, Romania, Slovakia, Spanish mainland, Sweden, Switzerland, The Netherlands, Ukraine and Yugoslavia (Fauna Europaea).

NBN Atlas links to known host species:

British and Irish Parasitoids in Britain and elsewhere:

Belgian Lepidoptera
Biodiversity Heritage Library
Bladmineerders van Europa
British leafminers
Encyclopedia of Life
Fauna Europaea
NBN Atlas
NHM UK Checklist
UKMoths