Leaf-miner
and case-bearer: The larvae feed on the needles. When occurring in large numbers,
entire trees can be damaged, the needles turning pale as the larvae
eat them from within. A number of cases are built as the larvae
grow, often in the centre of a floret of needles (UKMoths).
The
case is also illustrated in British
leafminers and Bladmineerders van Europa.
Larva: The larvae of moths have a head capsule and chewing mouthparts with opposable mandibles (see video of a gracillarid larva feeding), six thoracic legs and abdominal legs (see examples).
Pupa: The pupae of moths have visible head appendages, wings and legs which lie in sheaths (see examples).
The cremaster is illustrated in Bladmineerders van Europa.
Adult:
The adult is illustrated in UKMoths.
The species is included in mothdissection.co.uk.
Hosts in Great Britain and Ireland:
Hosts
elsewhere:
Time
of year - larvae: July to October, feeding again from April
to May (British
leafminers).
Time
of year - adults: The adults fly in June and July and are attracted
to light (UKMoths).
Distribution
in Great Britain and Ireland: A common species in suitable
habitats throughout most of the British Isles (UKMoths)
including Anglesey, Banffshire, Bedfordshire, Breconshire, Caernarvonshire, Cambridgeshire, Carmarthenshire, Cumberland, Denbighshire,
Dunbartonshire, Durham, East Cornwall, East Norfolk, East Suffolk, Flintshire, Glamorgan, Herefordshire, Hertfordshire, Kincardineshire, Kirkudbrightshire, Leicestershire, Linlithgow, Merionethshire, Middlesex, Montgomeryshire, North Ebudes,
North Essex, North Northumberland, North Wiltshire, Pembrokeshire, Shropshire, South Hampshire,
South Northumberland, Stafford, Stirlingshire, Surrey, Warwickshire,
West Gloucestershire, West Norfolk, West Ross, West Suffolk, Westmorland, Wigtownshire, and Worcestershire (NBN
Atlas).
Also
recorded in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland (Fauna Europaea and National Biodiversity Data Centre Map).
Distribution
elsewhere: Widespread in continental Europe including Austria,
Belgium, Croatia, Czech Republic, Danish mainland, Estonia, Finland,
French mainland, Germany, Hungary, Italian mainland, Latvia, Liechtenstein,
Lithuania, Norwegian mainland, Poland, Romania, Russia - North,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland and The Netherlands (Fauna Europaea).
NBN Atlas links to known host species:
British and Irish Parasitoids in Britain and elsewhere:
Chalcidoidea |
|
Conura xanthostigma (Dalman, 1820) |
Chacididae : Chalcidinae |
Chrysocharis laricinellae (Ratzeburg, 1848) |
Eulophidae: Entedoninae |
Chrysocharis moravica (Malac, 1943) |
Eulophidae: Entedoninae |
Chrysocharis nephereus (Walker, 1839) |
Eulophidae: Entedoninae |
Chrysocharis
nitetis (Walker, 1939) |
Eulophidae: Entedoninae |
Cirrospilus
diallus Walker, 1838 |
Eulophidae: Eulophinae |
Cirrospilus
salatis Walker, 1838 |
Eulophidae: Eulophinae |
Dicladocerus
westwoodii Westwood, 1856 |
Eulophidae: Eulophinae |
Elachertus fenestratus Nees, 1834 |
Eulophidae: Eulophinae |
Necremnus
metalarus (Walker, 1839) |
Eulophidae: Eulophinae |
Euderus albitarsis (Zetterstedt, 1838) |
Eulophidae: Entiinae |
Eupelmus vesicularis (Retzius, 1783) |
Eupelmidae: Eupelminae |
Mesopolobus semiclavatus (Ratzeburg, 1848) |
Pteromalidae: Pteromalinae |
Mesopolobus subfumatus (Ratzeburg, 1852) |
Pteromalidae: Pteromalinae |
Pteromalus semotus (Walker, 1834) |
Pteromalidae: Pteromalinae |
Sceptrothelys deione (Walker, 1839) |
Pteromalidae: Pteromalinae |
Ichneumonoidea - Links to species no longer available |
|
Agathis anglica Marshall, 1885 |
Braconidae: Agathidinae |
Earinus gloriatorius (Panzer, 1809) |
Braconidae: Agathidinae |
Therophilus pumilus (Ratzeburg, 1844) |
Braconidae: Agathidinae |
Triaspis caudata (Nees, 1816) |
Braconidae: Brachistinae |
Bracon guttiger (Wesmael, 1838) |
Braconidae: Braconinae |
Bracon stabilis (Wesmael, 1838) |
Braconidae: Braconinae |
Adelius viator (Förster, 1851) |
Braconidae: Cheloninae |
Oncophanes minutus (Wesmael, 1838) |
Braconidae: Rhyssalinae |
Campoplex tumidulus Gravenhorst, 1829 |
Ichneumonidae: Campopleginae |
Diadegma
armillatum (Gravenhorst, 1829) |
Ichneumonidae: Campopleginae |
Diadegma elishae (Bridgman, 1884) |
Ichneumonidae: Campopleginae |
Diadegma laricinellum (Strobl, 1904) |
Ichneumonidae: Campopleginae |
Diadegma nanus (Gravenhorst, 1829) |
Ichneumonidae: Campopleginae |
Bathythrix aerea (Gravenhorst 1829) |
Ichneumonidae: Cryptinae |
Bathythrix thomsoni (Kerrich, 1942) |
Ichneumonidae: Cryptinae |
Diadegma laricinellum (Strobl, 1904) |
Ichneumonidae: Cryptinae |
Gelis agilis (Fabricius, 1775) |
Ichneumonidae: Cryptinae |
Gelis albipalpus (Thomson, 1884) |
Ichneumonidae: Cryptinae |
Gelis areator (Panzer, 1804) |
Ichneumonidae: Cryptinae |
Gelis cinctus (Linnaeus, 1758) |
Ichneumonidae: Cryptinae |
Gelis melanogaster (Thomson, 1884) |
Ichneumonidae: Cryptinae |
Isadelphus inimicus (Gravenhorst, 1829) |
Ichneumonidae: Cryptinae |
Woldstedtius flavolineatus (Gravenhorst, 1829) |
Ichneumonidae: Diplazontinae |
Endromopoda detrita (Holmgren, 1860) |
Ichneumonidae: Pimplinae |
Itoplectis alternans (Gravenhorst, 1829) |
Ichneumonidae: Pimplinae |
Itoplectis maculator (Fabricius, 1775) |
Ichneumonidae: Pimplinae |
Scambus brevicornis (Gravenhorst, 1829) |
Ichneumonidae: Pimplinae |
|